Hmmm, four categories of ritual? I think perhaps there is some
textbook, lecture notes or similar pertaining to your course, which
divides rituals into four categories and to which you need to refer,
because there will be a subjective element to any such categorization.
Some suggestions forming five categories, given as a suggestion for
further exploration to you or a researcher working on this question:
(a) ritual as a way to appease a god - for example rituals of
sacrifice, eg Aztecs offering the heart of a sacrificial victim, (b)
ritual to honour a god, eg the Roman Catholic service of "Benediction"
which centres around the adoration of the eucharistic host, (c) ritual
to mark moments of transition in a person's life, eg ceremonies of
baptism, marriage, burial, (d) ritual to effect an internal change, eg
the rituals of magical orders such as the Golden Dawn, (e) ritual to
effect an external change, eg the rain dances of African tribal
society. |