Hello Hondo,
Thank you for your question.
Firstly, answers and comments provided on Google Answers are general
information, and are not intended to be a substitute for informed
professional medical, or other professional advice.
Over 600,000 heart bypass surgeries are performed each year in the
United States. The two major arteries that are typically blocked are
the right and left coronaries arteries and their major branches. Both
arteries and veins are currently used to bypass blocked vessels in
your heart.
http://www.askaheartsurgeon.com/coronary.htm
Severe coronary artery disease is a fatty build-up on the inner walls
of the arteries that nourish the heart. Coronary Artery Bypass
Surgery (CABG) restores normal blood flow to the heart by removing an
extra vein from the leg or chest wall to create a bypass of the
blocked section that will allow blood to flow freely around the
blockage.
The goal of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is to eliminate
angina and improve myocardial perfusion. This is achieved by routing
blood flow past areas of blockage using various conduits.
- Saphenous Vein Grafts: a segment of vein from the leg
- Arterial Grafts: Internal Thoracic Artery (ITA) or Internal Mammary
Artery (IMA)
Other Arteries that may be useful as conduits:
- Gastroepiploic artery - which supplies the stomach and intestines
- Radial artery - which is the artery that nourishes the forearm and
hand
Less used conduits:
- Inferior Epigastric Artery, which runs in the wall of the lower
abdomen
- Subscapular artery - on the back of the chest
- Splenic artery - supplies the spleen
- Intercostal artery - which runs just inside the rib cage
“At the onset of CABG, the greater saphenous vein was harvested and
grafted into the coronary circulation. It is regarded as a passive
conduit kept distended by arterial pressure. It is still used today,
as are the lesser saphenous, cephalic, or basilic veins when
appropriate. These conduits, however, have limited long-term patency.
The preferred conduit for myocardial revascularization today is the
internal mammary artery (IMA) Ð left and/or right Ð because of its
superior long-term patency and relative resistance to atherosclerosis.
The right gastroepiploic, inferior epigastric, splenic, subscapular,
and radial artery (RA) are also successfully grafted as arterial
conduits, thus increasing the range of choices available to the
surgeon.”
Source: University of Iowa Healthcare Website
http://www.uihealthcare.com/news/currents/vol1issue2/radart.html
Here is a short excerpt where Med Help International discusses use of
the radial artery:
“The artery in the arm that is used for coronary artery bypass surgery
is called the radial artery. Over last three decades, it has become
clear that the success rate of internal mammary artery graft is higher
than that of vein grafts leg. This led us to a hypothesis that
arterial grafts would do better than vein grafts on a longer run. This
makes sense as arteries are designed to function in a high pressured
system where as veins are not. As most of the arteries are essential
to the survival of an organ, few options are available for using an
arterial graft other than the internal mammary artery graft.
(..)Radial artery graft is a good alternative for patients without
good veins in the leg, very young patients (where all attempts are
made to have a good long term success rate), some patients with
diabetes and in patients undergoing repeat bypass surgery due to early
failure of vein grafts.”
Source: Med Help International Website
http://www.medhelp.org/forums/cardio/archive/453.html
Minimally invasive vein harvesting for coronary bypass grafting is
safe and effective. This procedure allows for less pain and will allow
you to return to your normal activities at a faster rate.
- patients with a history of vericose veins
- patients with small or thin legs
- patients with a superficial saphenous vein
Source: The University of Pennsylvania Health System
http://www.pennhealth.com/pahosp/hs_files/medicine/cardiology/min_invasive.html
What is “Endoscopic Vein Harvesting” and how is it performed?
http://www.heartsurgery-usa.com/What_s_New/ENDO%20VEIN/body_endoscopic_vein_harvesting.html
Manitoba Cardiac Sciences of The University of Manitoba describes the
three phases to CABG Surgery.
http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/medicine/units/cardiac_sciences/cabg2.html
Additional information that may interest you:
Online Videos of the latest advances in coronary artery bypass
grafting (CABG) which can be downloaded and viewed online.
Source: Heart Surgery USA Website
http://www.heartsurgery-usa.com/Online_Videos/body_online_videos.html
Influence Of The Internal-Mammary-Artery Graft On 10-Year Survival And
Other Cardiac Events
http://www.clevelandclinic.org/heartcenter/pub/guide/disease/cad/lytle_imagraft10yrsurvival.htm
Radial Artery Replacements Total Arterial Bypass Grafting
http://www.pennhealth.com/health/phys_forum/pto/v10n1/cc_1.html
When a heart valve is defective a valve from a pig can be used for
replacement as illustrated in the following excerpt:
“There are several different types of open-heart valve replacement
procedures. Tissue valve replacement removes a damaged valve and
replaces it with a pig or cow valve. These valves have been chemically
processed for transplantation from the animal to the patient. The
human body has shown to respond positively to this procedure because
of the similarities in tissue structure. The disadvantage, however, is
that the animal valve is not as durable than human valves and is more
susceptible to calcification.”
http://www.wehealnewyork.org/services/cardiology/treatment.html
Search Criteria:
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I hope you find this helpful and if there is anything that I've
written that needs clarification, please ask before you rate this
answer.
Best Regards,
Bobbie7-ga |
