Hello
The answer is (e)
(a) is untrue, because an autoimmune disease is one in which the
immune system DOES generate a response to self.
(d) is therefore untrue as well, because it requires (a) to be true.
(b) is true: "Associations between autoimmunity and MHC alleles have
been established for both class I and class II loci, although
associations with class II alleles are more common." From Lecture 27,
Autoimmunity April 30 2002 on the web site of the University of
Colorado http://mcdb.colorado.edu/courses/4300/Lecture27.pdf
(c) is true for some animal models: for example "DA and LEW inbred
rats are highly susceptible to several forms of experimentally induced
arthritis and related autoimmune diseases. These experimental
diseases include heterologous (bovine, porcine, etc.) native type II
collagen-induced arthritis (BII-CIA), mycobacterial adjuvant-induced
arthritis (Mtb- or Mbt-AIA), pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) and
avridine-induced arthritis."
However, autologous antigens can also be used "DA but not LEW rats are
susceptible to arthritis induced with homologous native type II
collagen" from Phenotypic Variation Among Selected Inbred Rat Strains
http://www.niams.nih.gov/rtbc/ratgbase/Pheno1.htm
"Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is a commonly used experimental
model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in humans. The disease can be
induced in certain susceptible mouse strains by a single immunization
with the cartilage-specific protein collagen type II (CII) in Freund´s
complete adjuvant (CFA). The hallmark for both CIA and RA is joint
inflammation with large infiltrates of leukocytes, thickening of the
synovial lining layer, pannus formation and erosion of bone and
cartilage. As to the pathogenesis of CIA, it is known that anti-CII
antibodies and T cell-mediated cellular immunity are crucially
required for the development of disease." From "Pathogenesis of
experimental arthritis; involvement of Fc receptors." Division of
Immunology at Uppsala University
http://www.genpat.uu.se/Immunology/Arthritis/Arthritis.html |