rphedleyc...
The following page, from Google's cache of a page
at the University of Memphis Psychology Department,
lists the essential differences (The actual site
timed out, so I was unable to access it):
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Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic Therapies
* Lengthy therapy aimed at uncovering and resolving
conflicts and unconscious impulses.
Uses free association, dream analysis, & transference.
* Freud's Therapy is an insight therapy
Goals - to discover relationships between unconscious
motivations and behavior.
Techniques -
1. Free Association - Report whatever comes to mind
(allows unconscious to express self).
2. Dream Analysis - describe dreams in detail -
insight into unconscious.
3. Interpretation - involved in both - therapist
provides context and meaning to idea or feeling.
4. Resistance - Unwillingness to cooperate by which
patient signals a reluctance to provide information.
5. Transference -therapist becomes the object of a
patient's emotional attitudes about an important
person in the patient's life.
Ego Analysts - Psychoanalytic therapists who assume the
ego has great control over behavior and are more
interested with reality testing and control over the
environment than with unconscious motivations.
1. Freud thought ego evolved out of id, however, they
believe they are separate.
2. Help patients develop stronger egos.
Criticism of Psychoanalysis
1. Contend that it is unscientific, imprecise and
subjective.
2. Most find sexist concepts unacceptable.
3. Not found to be more or less effective than other
therapies.
4. Disadvantages are - must be able to meet 1 hr
daily for 5 years.
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Humanistic Therapies
Client or Person-Centered Therapy
1. Developed by Carl Rogers - focused on the person.
2. He thought that we learn by reinforcement for
achievements and tend to see ourselves and others
in this manner.
3. He trained them to see the world from their own
perspective and to improve self-regard.
Techniques
1. Non-directive therapy (Client Centered) -
The client determines direction of therapy.
2. Therapist accepts client's feelings and behavior
and does not judge or try to dominate therapy.
3. Therapist helps client organize thoughts by
reflecting back the client's feelings.
4. Therapist must be warm, accepting person who
exhibits:
* Empathetic Understanding
* Unconditional Positive Regard.
Criticisms
Deals with hard to define concepts and thus results
are hard to measure.
Gestalt Therapy
1. Assume people are responsible for their own
lives.
2. Focus on the here and now
3. People must be aware of their current feelings
and situations.
Goals
1. Help clients become aware of their current
feelings and old conflicts.
2. Help enable them to resolve future conflicts.
3. Doesn't try to cure.
4. Helps client become complete
5. Perls viewed imcomplete gestalts as unresolved
conflicts and unfinished business
6. Gestalt therapy helps expand conscious awareness.
Techniques
1. Ask client to concentrate on current feelings
about difficult past experiences.
2. May get client to change speech - e.g. speak
more assertedly.
3. May get to behave in a manner opposite feelings
(considered experiential therapy).
4. Hypnosis may be used.
Criticisms
1. Focus too much on individual's happiness and growth
at the expense of other goals.
2. Focus too much on feelings and not enough on thought
and decision making.
3. Not effective with more disturbed individuals.
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http://216.239.39.100/search?q=cache:-lLl2_qckIUC:neuro.psyc.memphis.edu/1101/1101treat.htm+psychodynamic+humanistic+therapies+similarities+OR+differences&hl=en&ie=UTF-8
In essence, psychotherapy assumes the expertise of the
therapist in working with the client's unconscious, and
his ability to identify and bring to the surface patterns
and dynamics which the client has been unable to see on
his own. This is why it is considered to be, at best,
"subjective", and, at worst, having the potential for
abuse by therapists who are, themselves, conflicted.
The "client-centered" approach is intended to eliminate
these pitfalls by working primarily with what the client
is actually aware of, and supporting their transition to
greater insight. Gestalt therapy, however, is more
directive and confrontive than the approach suggested
by Carl Rogers. Transactional Analysis is a gentler form
of therapy, created by Eric Berne, and described on this
page from the International Transactional Analysis
Association's website:
"Eric Berne made complex interpersonal transactions
understandable when he recognized that the human
personality is made up of three "ego states"; each
of which is an entire system of thought, feeling,
and behavior from which we interact with each other.
The Parent, Adult and Child ego states and the
interaction between them form the foundation of
transactional analysis theory. These concepts have
spread into many areas of therapy, education, and
consulting as practiced today."
http://www.itaa-net.org/ta/keyideas.htm
In Transactional Anaylsis, the therapist works to
increase the client's awareness of these 3 ego states,
as evidenced by language and behavior, until the
"Adult" state has gained control over the often
dysfunctional "Parent" and "Child" aspects.
This page, from the TherapyQuest website, summarizes the
significance of these differences in approach in this way:
"Upon completion of this assignment the student will have
a better appreciation of the fact that psychology is not
a perfect science. Opinions among experts vary, and are
often the by-product of their varied training. Persons
seeking treatment for psychological problems should be
aware of these differences, and select their mental
health practitioner accordingly."
http://www.oswego.org/staff/mmirabit/web/therapyquest2.htm
In summary, I would also draw from my own experience in the
field of mental health, which ended as a result of the
company for which I worked transitioning from a non-profit
corporation, focused on the needs of the client, to a
for-profit, managed-care corporation, focused, at least
equally, on the bottom line of cost. This is the trend in
public mental health organizations, and there's little
likelihood of a reversal. Therefore, there is a strong
preference for short-term, cost-effective approaches to
therapy, regardless of the needs or preferences of the
client. Psychoanalysis has thus fallen out of favor in
the public sector, due to its inherent length and
questionable outcomes. It has, by default, become an
option which is only available to those who can afford
a private practitioner.
Searches done, via Google:
psychodynamic humanistic therapies similarities OR differences
://www.google.com/search?hl=en&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&q=psychodynamic+humanistic+therapies+similarities+OR+differences
transactional analysis
://www.google.com/search?hl=en&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&q=transactional+analysis
Please do not rate this answer until you are satisfied that the
answer cannot be improved upon by means of a dialog with
the researcher through the "Request for Clarification" process.
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