I'd like to find out about the practice, development, and subsiding of
anti-semitism in American academia, particularly in the Ivy League
schools.  Why?  When?  What did it consist of? Quotas?  Informal
agreements?  How widespread?  Where?  Differences among various
schools, etc.

---

Clarification of Question by brad23ny-ga on 12 Dec 2002 01:43 PST

I'm most interested in sources that are directly accessible on the
internet, although I'd be interested in a reference to a good book or
two on the whole topic. Is there a standard non-polemical descriptive
work describing the history and practice of anti-Semitism in America?

Thanks.

---

Request for Question Clarification by kriswrite-ga on 12 Dec 2002 11:00 PST

You've posted a very interesting question! But, respectfully, I do
believe that to answer it well will require more time and effort than
the average
amount of time and effort associated with the price you've suggested.
There's a great deal of material to sort through and condense.

Should you decide to raise your price, you might also post a
clarification here, so that the system will notify me to take another
look at your question.

You might find this link to pricing guidelines helpful:
https://answers.google.com/answers/pricing.html 

Thank you,
kriswrite

---

Clarification of Question by brad23ny-ga on 12 Dec 2002 20:57 PST

kriswrite:  1. Would it be possible to make a start for $10?  In other
words, get $10 worth of results - whatever that may be - for $10
effort?  My extended question is not intended as a laundry list of
questions I absolutely need to have answered at a minimum for an
acceptable response, but rather to suggest the kinds of things I'm
wondering about and would like to make a start on finding out more
about.

2. If not, what do you think is a reasonable price for the question...
considering that it is a question that arises out of a longstanding
personal interest, and is not intended for a term paper or any
business purpose?  (I attended Dartmouth College in 1963-67, as a (in
retrospect) naif and have become aware only in my latter life of the
reality of anti-Semitism in America and its consequences.)

Thanks.

---

Request for Question Clarification by kriswrite-ga on 12 Dec 2002 21:03 PST

Hi brad23ny~

Thank you for considering my suggestion; I always hesitate to suggest
such a thing, for fear someone will be offended.

There is a great wealth of information on this subject online that
should be sorted through, so perhaps $15 or $20 would be more
reasonable? But why don't I start researching your question. If you
are pleased with it, perhaps you will use to tip feature to boost the
price.

Kind regards,
kriswrite

Hi again brad23ny~

After rereading your clarification, I see that you didn't necessarily
want specific answers to all your questions. More of a general review
of the history of anti-Semitism in American Ivy League schools than
anything else. So with that in mind, here's what I've dug up.

“He cared nothing for boxing, in fact he disliked it, but he learned
it painfully and thoroughly to counteract the feeling of inferiority
and shyness he had felt on being treated as a Jew at Princeton. No one
had made him feel he was a Jew, and hence any different from anybody
else, until he went to Princeton.” Thus goes a passage from Earnest
Hemmingway's novel The Sun Also Rises. Princeton should well have been
targeted, it seems, since it's been reported that the school limited
Jews with quotas until the 1950s.

In the 1980s, however, Princeton’s Jewish enrollment rose to about
18%. Still, recent issue has been taken with the school because in the
last ten years, the number of Jewish students has again fallen. Since
1985, Jewish enrollment has dropped till only about 10% of
undergraduates were Jewish in 2002.

This history and it's figures are consistent with other Ivy League
schools such as Dartmouth and Stanford (although Harvard and Yale
currently have Jewish undergraduate enrollments of 21% and 29%). Many
of these schools say that they are no longer anti-Semitic...they are
simply trying to attract students from all over the
country--especially from the South and Midwest, where they
traditionally have found the least students. (Jewish students tend to
be concentrated in the Northeast and on the West Coast.)

Still the rumor of quotas--formal or informal--persists: "As recently
as the 1960s, some top universities used quotas to hold down Jewish
enrollment. During the 1970s, Jewish enrollment at Vanderbilt was 9
percent or 10 percent, but it slipped as Ivy League and other
prestigious universities abandoned the quotas." ("Vanderbilt
University woos Jewish students," John Gerome, 
://www.google.com/search?q=cache:X7XWdqd5cOMC:www.examiner.com/headlines/default.jsp%3Fstory%3Dn.jews.0514w+%22ivy+league%22+%22Anti-semitism%22+%22quotas%22&hl=en&ie=UTF-8)
	
However, I should note that while many columnists and reporters have
mentioned quotas at the Ivy League schools, I have been unable to find
any solid evidence online about just what those quotas might have
been, except for the following: In 1922 A. Lawrence Lowell, president
of Harvard, *sought* quotas for Jews. "The freshman class that year
was 21 percent Jewish, three times higher than in 1900 and Lowell
observed that anti-Semitism among students grows 'in proportion to the
number of Jews.'" But the quotas were only talked about--never used.
("Anti-semitism in Harvard Yard," Suzanne Fields,
http://216.239.53.100/search?q=cache:UO1vhvQ08AEC:www.townhall.com/columnists/suzannefields/sf20020926.shtml+%22ivy+league%22+%22Anti-semitism%22+%22quotas%22&hl=en&ie=UTF-8)

As for a book that offers an overall look at Anti-Semitism in the
U.S., the new book "A Mask for Privilege: Anti-Semitism in America,"
by Carey McWilliams appears to be worth checking out. You should be
able to get this book through any bookstore, but here is how Amazon
lists it:

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/search-handle-url/index=books&field-author=McWilliams%2C%20Carey/102-3201945-9726504
	
In addition, you may find these articles helpful.

Princeton and Jewish Enrollment:
http://www.dartreview.com/archives/000409.php

Anti-Semitism on Campus:
http://www.adl.org/Sih/SIH-Intro1.asp

Keywords Used:
"ivy league" "anti-Semitism" "history of"
://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&ie=ISO-8859-1&q=%22ivy+league%22+%22Anti-semitism%22+%22history+of%22&btnG=Google+Search

"ivy league" "anti-Semitism" "turn of the century"
://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&ie=ISO-8859-1&q=%22ivy+league%22+%22Anti-semitism%22+%22turn+of+the+century%22&btnG=Google+Search

"ivy league" "anti-Semitism" "quotas"
://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&ie=ISO-8859-1&q=%22ivy+league%22+%22Anti-semitism%22+%22quotas%22&btnG=Google+Search
	
If you desire more information, and more detail, I'll be happy to
search it out. Just post a clarification. In the meantime, I hope this
information is helpful!

kriswrite

Thank you for your help.  I've added something to my price, as you
suggested.  (I'd love to be able to "tip" you more. I don't want to
suggest in any way that your services are not worth a great deal more,
since you have provided a good deal more than I had been able to find
on my own, and I appreciate your willingness to suggest a price that
might be more acceptable to you without breaking my budget, to satisfy
what is essentially a question of personal interest and curiosity. 
Thanks for your help.)

I am glad I could help! And I am more than grateful for the tip, which
was certainly not necessary, yet appreciated. :)

Kriswrite

Dear Brad, 

I have some information to add to the answer of my collegue Google
Answers Researcher. First, I suggest you'll check out H-Judaic and
H-Antisemitism, both academic discussion groups, in which people are
experts on anti-semitism. You could browse their archives, but if you
you may want to apply to the list and ask you questions there (just
remember it is a professor's list):
H-Judaic - http://www2.h-net.msu.edu/~judaic/ 
H-Antisemitism - http://www.h-net.msu.edu/~antis 

Regarding individual colleges and universities (esp. Ivy League),
there is some information I found searching for names of
universities/the term "ivy league" and the terms "anti semitism". Most
notably, a comment the Dartmouth was "known" to be the most
anti-Semite; and an article at the American Jewish Committee website
on the subject, especially in Harvard:
http://www.adl.org/Sih/SIH-intro1.html 
http://www.dartreview.com/archives/000413.php 
http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/anti-semitism/harvard.html

Dear Brad,

On a visit to Dartmouth you could investigate  William Segal Green, ?A
Study Of Attitudes Toward Jews On The Dartmouth Campus? (1939), Ralph
Lash, ?Minority Problems At Dartmouth? (1953), Martin Hopkins Potter
"The question of anti-semitism in admissions at Dartmouth" (1964?),
Jevin Seth Eagle, ?Jewish Students At Dartmouth College: A Study Of
Third And Fourth Generation American Jews? (1988), Alexandra J.
Shepard, ?Seeking A Sense Of Place : Jewish Students In The Dartmouth
Community, 1920-1940? (1992), and Robin Levine, ?The Emergence Of
Jewish Student Life At Dartmouth, 1945-1997 (2001).  The latter, I
believe, is a senior thesis that got a fair amount of press when it
came out and coincided with the opening of the Roth Center for Jewish
Life at Dartmouth.

Postie