What is the usual textual pattern in newspaper articles. For example,
is it problem-solution or claim and counterclaim?

Jorksa --

The textual pattern followed in newspaper articles is referred to as
an "inverted pyramid," meaning the foundation of the new information
is at the top of the article.  The "lede" or first paragraph has the
goal of conveying the most-important information to the reader.

This applies more to news articles than "feature" articles without the
urgency of time in them, but is a fundamental structure used in all
articles.  Editors tell all writers to expect that their stories will
be cut from the bottom due to space available in the newspaper.  In
the past, before computerization made space planning easier, paste-up
staff often did such edits with a pair of scissors.  Under the
pressure of production deadlines there was little interest in
re-editing a story, so it was cut from the bottom.

The textual pattern could also be referred to as an "explanatory"
style.  The questions that stories seek to explain are often described
as the 5 W's and an H:
* who
* what
* when
* where
* why
* how

An excellent description of style is here:
Journalism Toolbox
"Inverted Pyramid"
http://www.snn-rdr.ca/snn/cr_journalismtools/invertedpyramid.html

The Dayton, OH Daily News does an excellent job of describing
newswriting in its series on journalism:
Dayton Daily News
"Journalism 101" (2002)
http://www.activedayton.com/ddn/nie/journalism/writing1.html

They explain the relevancy of news to the audience, explaining why in
reporting a ship sinking in Australia, an Indian newspaper might have
entirely different accounts than an American newspaper.

Google search strategy:
"inverted pyramid" + journalism
"5 W's"

Best regards,

Omnivorous-GA

Clear answer with helpful links. I needed to be pointed in the right
direction and the given answer has helped me to move forward with my
project?

Thanks