Hello wetinterests-ga,
This was a very interesting research project. You’re right in noting
that there is an abundance of general information about “red tides.”
Finding studies and reports about the connection between human
activity (including shipping) and harmful algal blooms a bit tougher
because there isn’t sufficient consensus yet in the scientific
community. I did find several sources identify researchers who are
working on these issues. One of the important findings is that
determining the source of rich nutrients that result in algal blooms
is not as easy or predictable as was originally thought. I’ve included
some new articles, scientific reports and white papers that represent
current thinking on this topic. I hope you find these helpful. Please
ask for clarification on whatever remains confusing.
Good luck on your projects.
czh
=============================================
RED TIDES RESEARCH INSTITUTES AND SPECIALISTS
=============================================
http://www.whoi.edu/redtide/
National Office for Marine Biotoxins and Harmful Algal Blooms
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
This is a great starting point for investigating red tides. Many of
the resources I was able to find were based on news items, researcher
names and resource links at this site.
http://www.whoi.edu/redtide/HABdistribution/HABmap.html
The first thought of many is that pollution or other human activities
are involved. On close inspection, however, many of the "new" or
expanded HAB problems in the US occurred in waters where pollution is
not an obvious factor. The organisms responsible for HABs have been on
earth for a long time, so new bloom events may simply reflect better
detection methods and more observers rather than new species
introductions or dispersal events.
http://www.tomgidwitz.com/main/tides.htm
The Deadly Tides: Toxic algae specialist Don Anderson
Articles from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution writer
http://www.whoi.edu/science/B/dept/working_groups/phyto.htm
In the laboratory of Don Anderson, field and laboratory investigations
of the causes and effects of toxic phytoplankton blooms ("red tides")
in coastal waters focus on the physiology and genetics of the toxic
algae.
http://www.coms.usm.edu/hab/rt110199.htm
Red Tide Information
Harmful Algal Bloom Report
===========================================
RED TIDES AND HUMAN INTERACTIONS, POLLUTION
===========================================
http://www.sciencenews.org/sn_arc97/9_27_97/bob1.htm
"The Rise in Toxic Tides" Science News feature (Sept 27, 1997)
This article makes several references to red tides and their
connection to agricultural and shipping related pollution.
“At least some of the toxin producers seem to be responding to
increases in the amount of nitrogen (SN: 2/15/97, p. 100), phosphorus,
and other nutrients washing off the land from fertilizers and animal
wastes. As Hong Kong experienced a sixfold increase in population
between 1976 and 1986, the concentrations of nutrients in its harbor
more than doubled, and the annual count of red tides increased from 2
to 18.”
http://www.sciencenews.org/sn_arc97/2_15_97/fob1.htm
Tallying Nitrogen's Increasing Impact
“Increased traffic on the world's oceans may be another factor in
seeding new blooms, according to several scientists. Water used as
ballast in ships has transported and introduced animals into new
waters; exotic microorganisms are probably being introduced as well,
says Fred C. Dobbs of Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Va.”
http://web.odu.edu/webroot/orgs/sci/colsciences.nsf/pages/fred1_dobbs
Fred C. Dobbs, Old Dominion University, Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric
Sciences
Current Research Projects
http://www.epa.gov/owow/estuaries/coastlines/apr01/microstowaways.html
Microscopic Stowaways in Ballast Water
There are instances in which ballast water microbes clearly are not
benign. Perhaps most well known among these are unicellular algae
called dinoflagellates, some of which are responsible for red tides
and shellfish poisoning.
http://www.ucsc.edu/news_events/press_releases/archive/99-00/02-00/algal_blooms.htm
Sewage in urban runoff may spur growth of harmful algal blooms
“The new findings, published in the current issue of Aquatic Microbial
Ecology, suggest that urea in urban and agricultural runoff may play a
greater role than previously thought in triggering or sustaining
harmful algal blooms found growing off California's coastline.”
http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/ame/v21/n1/p31-47.html
Inter-Research -- Aquatic Microbial Ecology
Abstract -- AME 21:31-47 (2000)
Nitrogen and carbon uptake kinetics and the influence of irradiance
for a red tide bloom off southern California
Raphael M. Kudela1,*, William P. Cochlan2
http://www.hort.purdue.edu/rhodcv/hort640c/nuse/nu00007.htm
Purdue University
HORT640C - Metabolic Plant Physiology
Utilization of Nitrogen by Plants
Efficiency of Use of Nitrogenous Fertilizers
Includes a good bibliography on this topic
http://www.ficus.usf.edu/docs/injection_well/Sutherland6.htm
April 28, 1999 , Sewage Smothers Florida Keys National Marine
Sanctuary
“According to USGS groundwater monitoring tests, the problem
originates with sewage waste from municipal Class V underground
injection control (UIC) wells, on site disposal systems (OSDS), and
illegal cesspits servicing 85,000 Florida residents and 2.5 million
tourists each year. This waste is carried offshore by groundwater, and
the waste's high nutrient levels of nitrates and phosphates are
stimulating algal growth that suffocates coral and seagrass.”
http://www.mwra.state.ma.us/harbor/enquad/pdf/2000-17.pdf
Red Tides Surveys of Massachusetts Bay, 1999, 26 pages
http://www.mwra.state.ma.us/harbor/enquad/pdf/2002-08.pdf
Post-outfall Surveys of Toxic Alexandrium fundyense Populations in
Massachusetts Bay, 2001
This is a 37 page report showing negative correlations between treated
sewage outflow and toxic bloom.
===========================
RED TIDES GENERAL RESOURCES
===========================
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/Redtide/
Hunting Dangerous Algae from Space
http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/stories/dust/
Dust from Africa Leads to Large Toxic Algae Blooms in Gulf of Mexico,
Study Finds, August 2001
Saharan dust clouds travel thousands of miles and fertilize the water
off the West Florida coast with iron, which kicks off blooms of toxic
algae, according to a new study. The research was partially funded by
a NASA grant as part of ECOHAB: Florida (Ecology and Oceanography of
Harmful Algal Blooms), a multi-disciplinary research project designed
to study harmful algae.
http://www.enn.com/search/search-r.asp
Environmental News Network
Searched on <red tide> and got 78 hits
Excellent source of articles. Many of them are short but further
searching on the names of the scientists, research institutions and
other identified sources leads to better documented and scientifically
reliable information.
http://www.longman.com.au/atlas/compweb/009/fact4.html
Ocean Resources
Of all marine pollution: --
10 per cent comes from maritime operations (such as ship-based sewage
discharge).
http://www.mote.org/%7Emhenry/rtlinks.phtml
RED TIDE LINKS ...
http://www.start1.com/start.htm
START (Solutions To Avoid Red Tide)
===============
SEARCH STRATEGY
===============
red tides
HAB
harmful algal bloom |
,
0 Comments
)