Hello qpet-ga,
Procrastination has been the subject of social commentary from the
beginning of history. It has been looked at as a moral failing,
incompetence, laziness. It's been viewed as a mental disorder or
organizational incompetence. Most of the research conducted on it
relates to procrastination in academic settings. Problems with
procrastination in the business world have led to a sizable industry
in books, articles, workshops, videos and other products for dealing
with procrastination in the workplace.
The cost of procrastination is significant but standard measures have
not yet been invented. These costs can be divided into two main
categories.
1) Personal/Individual Costs – impact on mental, physical, financial,
social, emotional well-being. Individuals who procrastinate suffer
significant costs in terms of feelings of competence, self-esteem, and
social approbation. They also have to cope with the impact of the
opportuniy costs of not taking action in a timely manner. The easiest
illustration of this is failure to save or invest. But not taking
action also impact on many other kinds of missed opportunities related
to jobs, relationships, learning and experience. Time lost to
procrastination can never be regained. The costs of these
passed/missed opportunities can only be guessed.
2) Public/Social Costs – economic, political, environmental, social
well-being for organizations, social institutions, states, humanity.
Procrastination by individuals impacts organizations as well. The
opportunities lost are one aspect. Having to spend time to counsel the
employee, make sure that the postponed work gets covered, and managing
organizational strains and conflicts also is a drain on the
organization. A whole industry of time management courses, workshops,
day-timers and other tools has grown up to help deal with these
issues.
A special variety of organizational procrastination and associated
costs has to do with the behavior of institutions as a whole. This may
be a matter of organizational policy or the obstructionist behavior of
an individual. Frequently it's difficult to tell whether the issue is
procrastination or bad decision-making. The costs associated with this
type of procrastination are measured by the yardstick of history.
I’ve sifted through hundreds of sites and collected a representative
sampling of what’s available for getting a better understanding of
procrastination and its costs. I’ve divided my search results into
categories that will help you pursue whatever aspect of this topic is
of interest to you. I hope this meets your needs, but please don’t
hesitate to ask for clarification on any of it that needs further
exposition.
Good luck with your r explorations.
czh
===================================
PROCRASTINATION – GENERAL RESOURCES
===================================
http://www.carleton.ca/~tpychyl/
Carleton University, Ottawa -- Procrastination Research Group
This is a great starting site for exploring current research on
procrastination. There is an extensive selection of links for papers,
bibliographies, conferences, workshops and related links.
http://www.carleton.ca/~tpychyl/prg/research/research_history_term.html
A Brief History of Procrastination
http://www.jonathanedwards.com/sermons/Pastoral/Procrastination.htm
Procrastination or the Sin and Folly of Depending on Future Time
http://www.ucalgary.ca/~steel/procrastinus/
Procrastination and You
This resource site claims that 15-20% of the population are chronic
procrastinators. It offers a wide variety of resources for exploring
the topic.
http://www.ucalgary.ca/~steel/procrastinus/define.html
Definition(s) of Procrastination
http://www.ediets.com/news/article.cfm?article_id=6421
Tomorrow... Tomorrow: Why We Procrastinate
10 point review of behaviors and three styles of procrastinators:
· Arousal types or thrill-seekers: They wait to the last minute for
the euphoric rush.
· Avoiders:These are people who may be avoiding fear of failure or
even fear of success. In either case they are very concerned with what
others think of them; they would rather have others think they lack
effort than ability.
· Decisional procrastinators: Those who cannot make a decision. Not
making a decision absolves procrastinators of responsibility for the
outcome of events.
http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro02/web1/jmaryasis.html
Procrastination: Habit or Disorder?
http://content.health.msn.com/content/article/14/1674_51082?
Emotional Wellness -- The Danger in Delay: Combat Procrastination!
This article reviews research findings about the emotional aspects of
procreation.
http://content.health.msn.com/content/pages/9/1674_51220?
Evaluate yourself using the General Procrastination Scale created by
Clarry Lay, PhD, professor of psychology at York University in
Toronto.
http://www.queendom.com/tests/career/procrastination_access.html
Procrastination Test
40 questions, 20-25 min
http://www.procrastination.com/
Work In Progress. -- Coming Soon Procrastination.com -- : )
http://www.rff.org/CFDOCS/disc_papers/PDF_files/9919.pdf
Read This Paper Later: Procrastination with Time-Consistent
Preferences
This 32 page paper with extensive bibliography examines the
perspective of procrastination and time as an exhaustible resource.
http://www.coursewise.com/instructors/07/newsltr1-5.html
END-OF-THE-TERM PROCRASTINATION BLUES
Also offers a selection of general resources on procrastination.
http://www.personal-development.com/chuck/procrastination.htm
Procrastination is the grave in which opportunity is buried
=======================================================
INDIVIDUAL PROCRASTINATION AND ITS COSTS / CONSEQUENCES
=======================================================
http://ww2.northwesternmutual.com/tn/netserv--personal--pg_pp_retirement
Saving for Retirement
This short article summarizes the results of the 2002 Employee Benefit
Research Institute Retirement Confidence Survey and highlights the
consequences of procrastinating about retirement planning.
http://ww2.northwesternmutual.com/tn/netserv--personal--pg_pp_retirement
The Cost of Procrastination
Procrastination costs money. It simply doesn't pay to put off your
financial goals
In 20 years, the difference between the value of our two investors'
accounts will be over $40,000! Our prudent friend will have over three
times as much money as our procrastinator.
http://repositories.cdlib.org/iber/econ/E02-314/
http://repositories.cdlib.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1039&context=iber/econ
Procrastination on Long-Term Projects
This is a 43-page research paper on evaluating the true costs of
procrastination for extended projects. It highlights the costs of
projects that are started but never finished.
http://216.239.39.100/search?q=cache:XcxIZgqeetAC:elsa.berkeley.edu/~rabin/retire.pdf+Procrastination+in+Preparing+for+Retirement&hl=en&ie=UTF-8
Procrastination in Preparing for Retirement
This is a 32-page detailed paper on the consequences of
procrastination in preparing for retirement.
http://www.gen.umn.edu/faculty_staff/wambach/nade2001.pdf
Procrastination, Procrastination, Personality and Performance
This is a 13-page review of a study measuring techniques to alter
student behavior.
http://www.carleton.ca/~tpychyl/prg/conferences/apa2002/apaslides2002/
This is a short slide presentation of "Academic procrastination: Costs
to health and well-being" presented at the APA conference, August 22,
2002 (Chicago). The page has links to other extensive resources.
http://www.carleton.ca/~tpychyl/prg/research/research_complete_biblio.html
http://www.fool.com/news/foth/2002/foth020620.htm
The Price of Procrastination
Looking for a great way to waste money? Consider sending bills in
late, ignoring your important paperwork, and putting off your
financial planning. If that doesn't appeal to you, then consider the
15-minute solution. After all, how long does it take to put something
in the mail?
http://www.apa.org/monitor/jan98/last.html
Procrastinators always finish last, even in health
Short article summarizing research findings showing the health and
academic failure costs of procrastination.
http://www.bcentral.com/articles/elliott/103.asp
Procrastination can pay in booking flights
This article shows that occasionally there are benefits to
procrastination.
OVERCOMING PROCRASTINATION FOR THE INDIVIDUAL
http://www.nysscpa.org/cpajournal/old/14152818.htm
Procrastinate. (The CPA Manager)
This article reviews the emotional issues underlying procrastination
and offers concrete action steps for overcoming them.
http://open-mind.org/SP/Books/NF/7.htm
This Web site is dedicated to people dealing with a variety of mental
and emotional problems. The page on procrastination provides an
extensive library of books for self-help.
http://www.speaking.com/articles_html/KerryL.Johnson,Ph.D._741.html
Procrastination: Putting Off Today What You Can Do Tomorrow
This is a short article for a business audience offering concrete
techniques for self-motivation to overcome procrastination.
http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~wilkins/writing/Resources/essays/procrastinate.html
Procrastination in College Students Is a Marker for Unhealthy
Behaviors, Study Indicates
College students who procrastinate in their academic work are also
likely to have unhealthy sleep, diet, and exercise patterns.
http://www.selfhelpforher.com/newsletter129.htm
What is Procrastination Costing You?
http://www.schwab.com/SchwabNOW/SNLibrary/SNLib133/SN133mainInvestmentTopics_WaitingToInvest_Overview/
Costs and Benefits of Waiting to Invest
This is a site that helps people think about the issues involved in
procrastinating about financial planning and lets them try out various
scenarios.
http://moneycentral.msn.com/articles/family/basics/10466.asp
How to beat procrastination and get your life in order
http://answers.google.com/answers/main?cmd=threadview&id=137381
Time Management
This is a collection of links on dealing with time management and can
help some people who have trouble with procrastination.
============================================
ORGANIZATIONAL PROCRASTINATION AND ITS COSTS
============================================
http://www.employer-employee.com/procrastination.html
Procrastination In the Workplace
This site provides a quick checklist for the employer and the employee
to identify whether the problem is truly procrastination. It also
provides a long list of books on procrastination.
http://itmanagement.earthweb.com/cio/article.php/603361
What price procrastination?
July 1, 1998
Five ways to slay the delay dragon
1. Vocalize time's tyranny
2. Find the real drivers of delay
3. Speak the right language
4. Expand your "clever reasons" repertoire
5. Dramatize the delay cost
http://spark.spanner.org/ul/Slow_Company.pdf
Slow Company – How Procrastination and Delay Improve the Quality of
Knowledge, Collaboration and Understanding
This is a 23 page paper that takes a contrarian view on the urgency of
speedy action.
http://research.gbgm-umc.org/bdm/BDM9606.HTM
United Methodism experiences procrastination in a variety of ways. A
pastor who, in spite of overwhelming pressure and evidence of the need
to relocate a church, insists on "getting a consensus". Meanwhile, the
church loses an opportunity to purchase a site where its ministry
could thrive and grow. In the site selected for relocation, because
the pastor procrastinated, a new nondenominational church has been
established and is now doing very well.
======================================
HISTORICAL EXAMPLES OF PROCRASTINATION
======================================
This is a selection of articles that shows how organizations and
institutions can procrastinate about policy issues and how this type
of procrastination can have immense consequences. Sometimes it is
difficult to determine whether the cause of inactivity was
procrastination or ineffective/bad decision-making.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USACWmcclellan.htm
George McClellan
In November, 1861 McClellan, who was only 34 years old, was made
commander in chief of the Union Army.
Frustrated by McClellan unwillingness to attack, Abraham Lincoln
recalled him to to Washington with the words: "My dear McClellan: If
you don't want to use the Army I should like to borrow it for a
while." On 7th November Lincoln removed McClellan from all commands
and replaced him with Ambrose Burnside.
http://www.libarts.ucok.edu/swssr/Journal/landolfi2.htm
Sitzfleisch as Policy: Nikola Pasic and the Consequences of
Procrastination
This article explores whether the procrastination of Serbian Prime
Minister Nikola Pasic contributed to the assassination of Archduke
Ferdinand in Sarajevo in the summer of 1914 and the launch of World
War I.
http://www.workingworld.com/?d=221_timeonside&archive=1
Lessons from History’s Famous Procrastinators
http://www.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/06/10/time.bush/
Can He Fix It?
AS CRITICS GET LOUDER, BUSH FIGHTS BACK WITH A PLAN TO REFORM HOMELAND
SECURITY. AN INSIDE LOOK AT HOW HE'S MANAGING THE CRISIS
And yet Bush's cautious management style sometimes leads to
procrastination. Critics say he waits too long, resisting change until
the last possible moment.
http://www.between-lines.org/archives/2001/mar/Meir_Amor.htm
Israeli Conservatism - Jewish Privilege
Meir Amor March 2001
The political system is doing its own thing. It is the politics of
muddling through - the politics of procrastination.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1678274.stm
Tuesday, 27 November, 2001, 07:44 GMT
Japan moves to shrink public sector
Despite the pain that the long-overdue reforms will cause, the public
seems to approve.
Mr Koizumi's apparent willingness to bite the bullet after years of
procrastination by a succession of charisma-free leaders of his
Liberal Democratic Party translates into popularity ratings
approaching 80%.
http://www.lookjapan.com/LBecobiz/OOMarEF.htm
"REBIRTH" OR REHASH?
At issue is the response to the current economic crisis by government,
business firms, and the Japanese public overall. The government, first
of all, has continued to procrastinate on harsh policy choices that
will be painful. The consequences of such procrastination triggered
the crisis of 1997 to 1998. Specifically, the government postponed
cleaning up the bad debts of financial institutions, which mounted
shortly after the collapse of the "bubble" economy.
http://www.bain.com/bainweb/publications/in_the_news_read.asp?article_id=4246
South Korea: The price of procrastination: chaebol crisis only gets
worse
by Hae Won Choi
The Asian Wall Street Journal 10/29/01
http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&node=&contentId=A42654-2002Dec11¬Found=true
USDA Failed to Act Against Plant's Listeria, Inspector Says
Listeria blamed for eight deaths since July would have been found
sooner at a Pennsylvania poultry plant if the government had taken
more forceful action, a federal inspector said yesterday.
http://www.rediff.com/cricket/2001/may/23icc.htm
President concedes ICC failed to act fast enough
International Cricket Council (ICC) president Malcolm Gray conceded on
Wednesday that the sport's administrators had failed to act fast
enough to tackle match-fixing.
http://www.secretpolicy.com/archives/00000107.html
U.S. Failed to Act on Warnings in '98 of a Plane Attack
http://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/19/politics/19INTE.html
U.S. Failed to Act on Warnings in '98 of a Plane Attack
http://whitlam.alp.org.au/booknpc.html
National Press Club
“We institutionalise procrastination. The inevitable consequence is
that the problems accumulate and intensify.”
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/holocaust/filmmore/reference/primary/
Near the end of the year, Treasury Department staffers discovered the
State Department's obstructions, and they prepared the following
damning indictment, in which they asserted the State Department was
"guilty not only of gross procrastination and willful failure to act,
but even of willful attempts to prevent action from being taken to
rescue Jews from Hitler." A condensed version of the report was
presented to the President by Secretary of the Treasury Henry
Morgenthau, Jr. on January 16, 1944.
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