calculation on malaria in Nigeria using multivariate analysis of
variance in any year?

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Request for Question Clarification by ragingacademic-ga on 05 Jan 2003 01:15 PST

Dear nellyview -

Thanks for your question.

I have begun to conduct some research into this on your behalf,
however, I want to make sure I understand what it is you are seeking -
as I understand it, you are seeking studies that have utilized
multivariate ANOVA to calculate the number of malaria cases in
Nigeria, and you do not care which year such calculations have been
carried out for.

Is this a correct interpretation of your question?

I look forward to your answer.

thanks,
ragingacademic

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Clarification of Question by nellyview-ga on 05 Jan 2003 04:57 PST

I WILL APPRECIATE IF A COMPLETE CALCULATION ON THIS CASE BEING GIVEN
IN GIVEN DURATION LIKE 1990 TO 1994.PLEASE I NEED THE ANSWERS VERY
URGENT.
THANKS

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Request for Question Clarification by ragingacademic-ga on 05 Jan 2003 05:52 PST

nellyview -

I'd like to help, but still am not sure what it is you are in need of.
 Can you please explain in a little more detail?  Is there a specific
case you are referring to?  Is there any data you can direct me to? 
Are you looking for the actual statistical analysis - or citations of
work done by others?

thanks.
ragingacademic

Hi nellyview,

I believe that you are requesting the statistics on malaria cases in
Nigeria with a breakdown of factors that contribute to the incidence
and spread of malaria.

There is no neat chart that puts it all together, but there are
several place that each provide part of the picture...

http://www.who.int/disasters/stats/baseline.cfm?countryID=45 gives
baseline figures for malaria in Nigeria.

The World Health Organization has statistics for Malaria distribution
http://mosquito.who.int/cgi-bin/rbm/countryprofile.jsp?service=rbm&com=gen&lang=en&country=NG

PHNIP Country Health Statistical Report Nigeria September 2002
http://www.usaid.gov/pop_health/home/Countries/africa/nigeria.pdf
just gives figures and a reference.

The Fall 2001 Harvard Health policy Review has a good article
discussing this.
http://hcs.harvard.edu/~epihc/currentissue/Fall2001/carrington.htm

Influence of socioeconomic factors on the treatment and prevention of
malaria in pregnant and non-pregnant adolescent girls in Nigeria.
Okonofua FE, Feyisetan BJ, Davies-Adetugbo A, Sanusi YO
J Trop Med Hyg 1992 Oct 95:309-15
(free registration is required to access BioMedNet)

Socio-economic implication of multi-drug resistant malaria in the
community; how prepared is Nigeria for this emerging problem?
Chukwuani CM
West Afr J Med 1999 Oct-Dec 18:303-6
http://research.bmn.com/medline/search/record?uid=MDLN.20198972&rendertype=full
This paper presents a review of studies involving socio-economic
evaluation of the morbidity and mortality consequences of malaria.
Studies involving health facility utilization profile for malaria in
Nigeria and elsewhere are also reviewed.

APPLIED POVERTY-ENVIRONMENT INDICATORS THE CASE OF NIGERIA 
1.Environment and Health (a) Selected Key Environmental Indicators for
Malaria (page 14 of 53)
http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/sdlinkages/publications/abuja/PE%20Indicators%20-%20Osuntogun%20slides.pdf
This power point presentation discusses factors related to poverty and
how they impact on the incidence of malaria in Nigeria.

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2001 Nov;96(8):1081-4 Related  
The distribution of two major malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae and
Anopheles arabiensis, in Nigeria.
Onyabe DY, Conn JE.
Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405, USA.
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762001000800009&lng=en&nrm=iso

Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Sep;61(3):375-7 
Short report: high prevalence and imbalanced age distribution of the
Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase gene Asn108 mutation in
an area of low pyrimethamine usage in Nigeria.
Mockenhaupt FP, May J, Eggelte TA, Thies FL, Ademowo OG, Bienzle U,
Meyer CG.
Institute for Tropical Medicine, Medical Faculty Charite,
Humboldt-University Berlin, Germany.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10497973&dopt=Abstract
looks at the incidence of drug resistance in children in Nigeria.

Malaria in children in Ilorin, Nigeria.
Olanrewaju WI, Johnson AW
East Afr Med J 2001 Mar 78:131-4
http://research.bmn.com/medline/search/record?uid=MDLN.21996721&rendertype=full
discusses a study of malaria in children in Nigeria (free registration
is required to access BioMedNet)

Mol Ecol 2001 Nov;10(11):2577-91 Related  
Population genetic structure of the malaria mosquito Anopheles
arabiensis across Nigeria suggests range expansion.
Onyabe DY, Conn JE.
Department of Biology, The University of Vermont, Burlington 05405,
USA.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11883874&dopt=Abstract

Serum transferrin receptor levels are increased in asymptomatic and
mild Plasmodium falciparum-infection
This paper discusses childhood anemia caused by malaria in South West
Nigeria
http://www.haematologica.it/full/pdf/84869.pdf

Project Shared lists research projects in Nigeria. 
http://www.shared.de/shared/asp/projects/StrCountrySelect.asp?SelectCountry=186
One was particularly interesting. Although it does not discuss the
statistics on Malaria, it does give a good historical overview of why
the health situation in that country has deteriorated since 1986.
http://www.shared.de/shared/asp/projects/FullTextSearch.asp?ShView=&Keyword=Malaria+Nigeria&con=And

Economic burden of malaria illness on households versus that of all
other illness episodes: a study in five malaria holo-endemic Nigerian
communities.
Onwujekwe O, Chima R, Okonkwo P
Health Policy 2000 Nov 54:143-59
http://research.bmn.com/medline/search/record?uid=MDLN.20547982&rendertype=full
looks at the cost of treatment for households in Nigeria (BioMedNet,
requires registration).

Hypothetical and actual willingness to pay for insecticide-treated
nets in five Nigerian communities.
Onwujekwe O, Chima R, Shu E, Nwagbo D, Okonkwo P
Trop Med Int Health 2001 Jul 6:545-53
http://research.bmn.com/medline/search/record?uid=MDLN.21364098&rendertype=full
employs a multivariate analysis to isolate the factors that
distinguished between hypothetical and actual willingness of
households to pay (WTP) for insecticide-treated nets (ITNs).

RBM (Roll Back Malaria) 
http://mosquito.who.int/cgi-bin/rbm/dhome_rbm.jsp?ts=3219319990&service=rbm&com=gen&lang=en

Framework for Monitoring Progress & Evaluating Outcomes and Impact
http://mosquito.who.int/cmc_upload/0/000/012/168/m_e_en.pdf
Is a RBM document put out by WHO - there is no Nigeria specific
analysis, but it has a very good reference section.

Although not specific to Nigeria, the open book project has an online
copy of “Malaria: Obstacles and Opportunities” that does an excellent
job of addressing this topic on a worldwide basis
http://books.nap.edu/books/0309045274/html/index.html

and “Vaccines Against Malaria” which discusses vectors of transmission
and other pertinent issues
http://books.nap.edu/books/NI000018/html/index.html.

The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases
(TDR), co-sponsored by the United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP), the World Bank and the World Health Organization (WHO), has
many articles on global issues concerning the diagnosis and treatment
of Malaria.
http://www.who.int/tdr/diseases/malaria/

The Effects of Household Resources and Community Factors on Child
Health: Evidence From Nigeria
http://www.econ.ox.ac.uk/CSAEadmin/conferences/2002-UPaGiSSA/papers/Olaniyan-csae2002.pdf
This paper examines the effects of household and community resources
on child health in Nigeria, using the 1999 Multiple Indicator Cluster
Survey conducted by the Nigerian Federal Office of statistics.

I think that if you pick the information you need from these resources
you'll have a complete answer.

If you need additional information or if you're looking for something
other than what I've gathered here, please post a clarification and
I'll add to the answer.

Searches:
1)malaria Nigeria statistics and analysis
2)factors affecting malaria rate Nigeria
3) Nigeria data analysis statistics malaria risk factors

It's a very sad topic to research. When so many are dying for want of
basic health care and an inexpexsive mosquito net, it's hard to
understand how we classify ourselves as civilized.

Good luck with your research,
bcguide-ga

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Clarification of Answer by bcguide-ga on 06 Jan 2003 13:47 PST

A few more references:

http://www.mara.org.za/mapsinfo.htm

Towards an Atlas of Malaria Risk in Africa
http://www.mara.org.za/trview_e.htm#Malaria Distribution Model

http://eagle.pharm.okayama-u.ac.jp/joho/doc/whatnew/whatnew9824.html

http://www.hubley.co.uk/infectdis.htm#part119

bcguide-ga


http://www.sti.ch/pdfs/immoreferences.pdf

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Request for Answer Clarification by nellyview-ga on 08 Jan 2003 04:21 PST

PLEASE I WANT  ACTUAL WORK DONE BY OTHER REASERCHERS ON STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS ON CASES OF MALARIA IN NIGERIA USING MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF
VARIANCE.IN THIS STUDIES,I WANT A LITERATURE REVIEW ON THIS
CASE,OBJECTIVE E.T.C. PLEASE I NEED THE ANSWER VERY URGENT.
THANKS TILL I HEAR FROM YOU.
EXAMPLE 1990-95 [POPULATION].

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Clarification of Answer by bcguide-ga on 09 Jan 2003 14:44 PST

Hi,

Medscape reqires a free registration to view articles. 
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/406233Mefloquine versus Proguanil
in Short-Term Malaria Chemoprophylaxis in Sickle Cell Anaemia
from Clinical Drug Investigation [TM]
Posted 08/01/2001
"The null hypothesis of no difference in social, clinical and
laboratory parameters between patients in the two treatment groups
(for means of continuous variable) was tested using ANOVA at the 95%
confidence interval. With nominal or categorical variables, the
chi-squared test was used. For within-group analysis, the Wilcoxon
signed rank sum test was used in case of continuous variables, and the
paired t-test was employed for normal distribution data."

Is this the type of article you need?

bcguide