Hello there
The question seems rather fascinating and I hope I will give an answer
to match. Things may not be in the exact order you asked but I'll try
to get it all covered and organized in some readable form.
Why don't we begin with the third question about 17th century and
earlier homes in the west of England. I assume you are including the
southwest since the question asks about Dorset. When you state
"habitable" I must presume you mean being in condition and capable of
being lived in as opposed to whether they are actually occupied. Some
of these houses may now be museums or serve another function other
than being residences.
We can start in the 15th century with the Athelhampton House. - The
house was built in 1485 by its first owner Sir William Martyn who
became Mayor of London in 1492. It is owned today by Patrick Cooke.
The house is in livable condition and is open to the public.
The best way to get a detailed description of it is to look at it:
http://www.athelhampton.co.uk/1st-PAGE.htm - The website is
Athelhampton House & Gardens. Many photos and a good history.
Now to the 17th century for the Kingston Lacy House. The house is
still in habitable condition and was occupied by the Bankes family
until 1983. A quote from the National Trust Handbook:
"A 17th-century house, designed by Sir Roger Pratt for Sir Ralph
Bankes to replace his ruined family seat at Corfe Castle. Altered by
Sir Charles Barry in the 19th century, the house contains the
outstanding collection of paintings and other works of art accumulated
by William Bankes. It is famous for its dramatic Spanish Room, with
walls hung in magnificent gilded leather. The house and garden are set
in a wooded park with attractive waymarked walks and a fine herd of
Red Devon cattle. The surrounding estate is crossed by many paths and
dominated by the Iron Age hill fort of Badbury Rings."
Once again the best way to get a detailed idea of the house is to look
at it. You will find a beautiful click-to-enlarge photo as well as
additional information:
http://www.whitemill.org.uk/z0015.htm - The page is part of the
Whitemill Watermill website.
Also by clicking on "Enchanted Garden" you will see some views of the
house at night.
A slide back in time for this one, to the 16th century. It is the
Edmondsham House and it has been owned by the same family since it was
built. The house is occupied and tours are given by the owner.
http://www.aboutbritain.com/EdmondshamHouse.htm - Edmondsham House and
Gardens
For a more detailed look, there is a good photo here but it is slow to
load. Well worth the wait:
http://www.visiteastdorset.com/days/details.asp?FKID=2&ID=20
You also mentioned even earlier, so we are still doing a slide in
time. Here is one from the 13th century. The house was occupied till
1948 then given to the National Trust. Though the house dates to the
13th century, there were later additions and reconstructions added. -
Quote from the website: "The principal features of the stone-built
house are the chapel adjoining the house, which was built in about
1343 by Peter Lyte, the Tudor Great Hall of around 1450, the Great
Chamber of 1533, with its fine plasterwork ceiling and the Great
Parlour with early 17th century panelling. Much of the rest of the
house was built in the 16th century by John Lyte. Although the north
and west ranges were constructed in the 18th century or later the
whole house has a feeling of great age." This house is in Somerset.
There is a photo with the website:
http://www.touruk.co.uk/houses/housesomer_lytes.htm - From Tour UK
News.
This house was built in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. It is
the Montacute House. Quote from website: "Built between 1558 and 1601
in mellow honey-coloured stone, this magnificent country house is
adorned with elegant chimneys and carved parapets. The spectacular
state rooms feature superb plasterwork, chimneypieces and heraldic
glass, and the long gallery is the largest of its type in England.
There are outstanding collections of 17th- and 18th-century furniture
and Elizabethan and Jacobean portraits from the National Portrait
Gallery. High-quality textiles include tapestries and an exhibition of
17th-century samplers...The formal garden contains mixed borders and
old roses and is surrounded by a landscape park. Montacute featured in
the award-winning film, Sense and Sensibility."
A photo accompanies the website:
http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/historicproperties/index.cfm?fuseaction=property&property_id=39
- From The National Trust.
You may find even more about houses of western and southwestern
England at The National Trust website:
http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/
Search for this section - google
Terms - great 17th century homes west england, inhabited 17th century
homes west england
Now for question one, about Quakers and their dealings with American
Indians.
"The benevolent relationship that developed between the Native
Americans and the Quakers was due to a number of important Quakers and
their work with the Native Americans. William Penn was probably the
Quaker who had the most influence. Howard Brinton, in his book Friends
for 300 Years, writes that William Penn, the first governor of
Pennsylvania, began the lasting friendship between the Native
Americans and the Quakers..."
That is a quote from "Why the Friends Really Were "Friends" to the
Native Americans" by Cynthia Eberly. Since it would be unacceptable
to quote this essay in its entirety, though it does answer much of
your question, you may read the whole thing:
http://www.hesston.edu/academic/faculty/ANNM/CW2/EBERLY.HTM - The
essay is part of a writing course by Professor Ann Fetters.
You also mention you would like to have books which are readily
available and I know this one is, even in our small town library. It
is:
"Quakers on the American Frontier," 1969, Errol T. Elliott. - You will
find it to be an excellent resource.
Search for this section - Google
Terms - quakers on the american frontier
Question two, about all those ladies.
Mary Cary was considered one of the "radical women" of the English
Civil War. A few of the more radical groups were religious sects
which claimed that women could be preachers and ministers. Mary Cary
was associated with the "Fifth Monarchy" sect.
From M. Cary, The New Jerusalem's Glory (London, 1656), p. 238. - "And
if there be very few men that are thus furnished with the gift of the
Spirit; how few are the women! Not but that there are many godly
women, many who have indeed received the Spirit: but in how small a
measure is it? how weak are they? and how unable to prophesie? for it
is that that I am speaking of, which this text says they shall do;
which yet we see not fulfilled.... But the time is coming when this
promise shall be fulfilled, and the Saints shall be abundantly filled
with the spirit; and not only men, but women shall prophesie; not only
aged men, but young men; not only superiours, but inferiours; not only
those that have University learning, but those that have it not; even
servants and handmaids.." She also wrote the "Women's Petition" 1649.
From Modern History Sourcebook: Radical Women During the English
Revolution
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/17women.html
"...Mary Cary ... show how she was instrumental in initiating the
Fifth Monarchist program. She integrates many of the radical ideas of
the 1640s and 1650s with her own millenarian beliefs to produce a
vision of a 'godly kingdom.' She argues for political accountability,
the freedom to prophesy, religious toleration, and an end to economic
oppression. Her combination of biblical prophecy, history, and
interpretation fashioned by a discerning, politically astute mind
articulates the basis for the emerging Fifth Monarchist program.
Cary’s insistence on her right to interpret the scriptures and her
gifts as a writer make her an important voice worthy of critical
evaluation." This quote is from an abstract of an article "History,
Prophecy, and Interpretation: Mary Cary and Fifth Monarchism by Jane
Baston." It is a good summary of her career.
http://www.frankcass.com/jnls/ps_21-3.htm
Here is one of her writings:
The Little Horns Doom and Downfall, A New and More Exact Map - 1651
http://textbase.wwp.brown.edu:1084/dynaweb/wwptextbase/wwpRWO/@Generic__BookTextView/101628;fs=
Mary Fisher was one of the first "Friends" to visit America from
England and arrived in Massachusetts in 1656 along with Anne Austin.
"They were sent away by the magistrates, but others arrived after
them. In 1659 William Robinson and Marmaduke Stephenson were hanged on
Boston Common, as was Mary Dyer the following year." - From "Society
of Friends - Quakers"
http://216.239.53.100/search?q=cache:oSWGvxpWrHsC:mb-soft.com/believe/txc/quakers.htm+Mary+Fisher+english+revolution&hl=en&lr=lang_en&ie=UTF-8&client=googlet
- please note that this is the cache version of the page so you might
want to record it as soon as you can. The up to date page is
different.
Mary Fisher, whose mission encompased the world, was called to travel
to Turkey to deliver a special message to the Sultan. Mary Fisher was
contemporary with George Fox. While he was working in the New World,
she went to see the Sultan. Mary traveled the last 500 miles on foot
to reach the Sultan's Palace. Nobody really knows what she said but
the Sultan said she spoke truth and invited her to stay. She said she
had to get back and left. You will find more about that:
http://www3.sympatico.ca/alfiorino/Institute7.html - Website "Metamode
Institute Proceedings"
After her inprisonment in England, she went to the island of Barbados
and along with Ann Austin, started the first important Quaker
settlement across the Atlantic. You will find more here:
http://members.tripod.com/~PlainfieldFriends/regen2.htm - Regen Part 2
Now Jenny Geddes seemed to have a bit of a temper. At least enough
that she threw a stool at the bishop's head during a service at St.
Giles. "Charles I sought to rule without a Parliament. His acts
filled the hearts of honest and loyal Englishmen with shame. In
Scotland he sought to destroy Presbyterianism altogether and establish
the Romanising liturgy of Laud as the sane way to restore the Papacy.
At the first service in St. Giles' Cathedral in Edinburgh, when the
Dean attempted to read the same, an uproar erupted with Jenny Geddes
crying out: "Do you dare to say the mass at my lug?" as she threw her
stool at the Romaniser." After these words, others did the same, and
the cathedral was in uproar. The Dean threw off his surplice and fled.
The Bishop of Edinburgh ascended the pulpit to try to restore order.
He was answered by a volley of sticks and stones and cries of, "A
Pope, a Pope, Antichrist." The defeated prelatic party were compelled
to abandon the liturgy. "English Popish Ceremonies, Extracts -
http://www.naphtali.com/epcextrc.htm" - She was a champion of
Calvinistic orthodoxy.
You will also find a good account of her life story here:
http://www.fpcr.org/blue_banner_articles/jgeddes.htm
Lady Eleanor Davies was one of the most prolific women writing in
early seventeenth-century England. She was sentenced to the Tower and
to Bedlam. Her first husband was Sir John Davies, King’s Attorney in
Ireland. She began her ‘career’ as a prophetess in July 1625 upon
receiving a vision forecasting the day of judgement to be in 19 ½
years. A collection of 45 of her pamphlets is now housed in the
Folger Shakespeare Library. You will find out more about her efforts
here: http://www.emory.edu/ENGLISH/classes/Wentworth/wengoal.html -
"Lady Eleanor Davies felt that she had to spend so much time
justifying herself personally as a prophet that she never formulated
any specific social program in her prophetic texts as did many of her
male counterparts." - Quote from the website.
"Her prophecies predicted the deaths of her two husbands and the
assassination of the infamous Duke of Buckingham. In addition, Davies'
writings defend the actions of her notorious brother, the Earl of
Castlehaven, by linking his trial and execution to wider
socio-political issues which signify, to her at least, the failures of
the aristocracy." - "Cavaliers, Prophets, Satirists, and Political
Crises" http://www.sfu.ca/english/courses2002-2/314.htm
Here are the texts of some of her writings:
The Arraignment - 1650 -
http://textbase.wwp.brown.edu:1084/dynaweb/wwptextbase/wwpRWO/@Generic__BookTextView/368074;fs=
Hells Destruction - 1651 -
http://textbase.wwp.brown.edu:1084/dynaweb/wwptextbase/wwpRWO/@Generic__BookTextView/368545;fs=
Tobits Book, A Lesson - 1652 -
http://textbase.wwp.brown.edu:1084/dynaweb/wwptextbase/wwpRWO/@Generic__BookTextView/369312;fs=
The Word of God - 1644 -
http://textbase.wwp.brown.edu:1084/dynaweb/wwptextbase/wwpRWO/@Generic__BookTextView/370345;fs=
I'm having to go on the assumption that the Anne Trapnel you are
asking about is a spelling error. The reason being that the pattern
exhibited by the above ladies would relate rather to Anna Trapnell who
was tried for prophesying and who was considered to be a marginal
voice. Some suggest "that the very marginality of prophets like Anna
Trapnell enabled them to give voice to the repressed and silenced
feminine in ways which were inaccessible to writers who were more
tightly bound to the central meaning-producing structures of their
society." - quote from "Impudent Women: Carnival and gender in early
modern culture" - http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/SESLL/STELLA/COMET/glasgrev/issue1/chefgz.htm
Here are some of her writings:
The Cry of a Stone - 1654 -
http://textbase.wwp.brown.edu:1084/dynaweb/wwptextbase/wwpRWO/@Generic__BookTextView/559574;fs=
Strange and Wonderful News - 1654 -
http://textbase.wwp.brown.edu:1084/dynaweb/wwptextbase/wwpRWO/@Generic__BookTextView/565301;fs=
Now as for Dorothy Waugh Westmorland England, is that a name or is
there simply a comma missing between Waugh and Westmorland.? I have
been able to locate little to nothing using the four together.
Search - Google
Terms for this section - women +of +the english revolution, society of
friends history, anglican history, scottish presbyterian history, and
all of the names individually
If I may clarify anything before you rate the answer, please let me
know. The time period of the English Revolution is quite a spaghetti
tangle and there may be more detail you are looking for.
Cheers
digsalot |
Clarification of Answer by
digsalot-ga
on
14 Jan 2003 20:46 PST
Hello again
Once more I am going to go out on a limb with the assumption that the
name you asking about is simply Dorothy Waugh and Westmorland is a
place name. The reason is that Dorothy Waugh, minus the Westmorland
England, once again fits within the profile and character of the other
ladies in the question.
This reference to Dorothy Waugh has to do with Christopher Atkinson.
"While Christopher Atkinson was in Kendal gaol, one John Gilpin, of
that place, who had been a Friend, apostatised, and published a book,
called "The Quaker Shaken" in defence of his apostacy. To this,
Christopher Atkinson replied, in a production entitled "An Answer to
the 'Quaker Shaken', by one John Gilpin, wherein is discovered his
Life, and how the Judgment of God was and is upon him, and how he hath
been led by Deceit and Filthiness to Blaspheme the Name of the Living
God, and is returned with the Dog to the Vomit, and with the Sow to
her Wallowing." Edward Burrough wrote a preface to this, which was
signed by the following Friends, ... Dorothy Waugh..." She was
jailed for her beliefs. - From
http://users.tinyworld.co.uk/peterostle/atkinson.html - "Ostle Family
History Net"
In early August, 1657, a small vessel called the Woodhouse sailed into
the harbor at New Amsterdam with 11 Quakers aboard. It would seem that
Dorothy Waugh had arrived in the New World.
"When the master of the ship came on shore and appeared before the
Director-General, he rendered him no respect, but stood still with his
hat firm on his head, as if a goat,'' the churchmen wrote on Aug. 14.
They noted that the ship sailed the next morning with most, but not
all, the Quakers aboard:
We suppose they went to Rhode Island; for that is the receptacle of
all sorts of riff-raff people, and is nothing else than the sewer of
New England . . . they left behind two strong young women. As soon as
the ship had fairly departed, these began to quake and go into a
frenzy, and cry out loudly in the middle of the street, that men
should repent, for the day of judgement was at hand.
The women, Mary Weatherhead and Dorothy Waugh, were put in a filthy
jail for eight days, then deported to Rhode Island." - The three
preceeding paragraphs quoted from website "Flushing Stands up for
Tolerance."
Dorothy also had the reputation of being a prominent female orator and
just like Mary fisher, came from a working class background.
Flushing Stands Up for Tolerance:
http://www.lihistory.com/3/hs316a.htm
Historical and philosophical aspects of Quakerism:
http://www2.gol.com/users/quakers/T&QQuaker.htm
Dorothy Waugh became a Quaker in either 1651 or 52 due to sermons and
teaching by George Fox. "An abstract of the life of George Fox" -
http://www.gwyneddfriends.org/fox.htm
|
Clarification of Answer by
digsalot-ga
on
15 Jan 2003 14:51 PST
Thank you for your compliments.
I had also emailed a friend in Scotland, who is an Episcopal priest
there, for more information about Jenny Geddes.
Here is his response.
*************
I haven't been in the High Kirk of Saint Giles for many years, and
there certainly was, and maybe still is, a plaque commemorating, as if
it were fact, the incident. But if you look up the church's website
you will find that it is referred to as a legend. And so it is.
Unless somebody here insists, I will not bore you with detailed
correction. The legend sprang up long after the event. What most
probably happened is that a gang of apprentices, always ready for some
fun and havoc, were put up to attend the service and start the riot.
In fact there were concerted riots in many places, clearly well
prepared in advance.
As for the lady herself, in the year 1661, Jenet Geddes, a stallholder
in the Edinburgh luckenbooths, joined in the rejoicing at the
Restoration of the Monarchy and the return of Charles II by adding her
stall to the celebratory bonfire. Either she had had a complete change
of heart since her outburst 24 years earlier (and no wonder if she
had!) or, as I contend, that eruption never happened.
But what chance does history have in the face of myth? I have tried
all my adult life to demolish this one, but without success. If ever
you get the chance to read "Scotland's Suppressed History" by
M.E.M.Donaldson, you will find a very different story. The book is
entertaining, highly polemical, and sadly out of print.
I append a more sober account from the Schaffer-Herzog Encyclopedia of
Religious Knowledge.
Edgar.
GEDDES, JENNY: According to the popular story, a Scottish " herb-woman
" who instigated a riot in St. Giles's Church, Edinburgh, on Sunday,
July 23, 1637. Archbishop Laud was trying to introduce the English
liturgy into Scotland, and the attempt raised a storm of indignation.
The dean of Edinburgh, however, made the experiment in the Cathedral
Church of St. Giles, on the Sunday named, in the presence of the privy
council and the city magistrates. According to the usual story, Jenny
Geddes, hearing the archbishop direct the dean in finding the collect
for the day, exclaimed in indignation, "Villain, dost thou say mass at
my lug? " (ear), and hurled the stool upon which she had been sitting
at the dean's head. This was the signal for a riot in and about the
cathedral. The people shouted through the streets, " A pope, a popel
Antichristl the sword of the Lord and of Gideonl " and the ultimate
result was the withdrawal of the liturgy, since the outburst of
popular feeling was by no means confined to Edinburgh. According to
other accounts it was a woman named either Mein or Hamilton who threw
the stool. The maiden name of Mrs. Mein or Mrs. Hamilton may have been
Geddes, although the popular account represents Jenny Geddes as an old
woman. Both Mrs. Mein and Mrs. Hamilton, moreover, are described as
women of a social status far above that of Jenny Geddes. A herb-woman
of the same name is said to have given her stall to be burned in a
bonfire at the rejoicings in honor of the coronation of Charles II.
Other accounts of the riot
of 1637 state that the name of the woman who threw the stool was not
known. A folding stool, the very one used by Jenny Geddes, it is said,
is exhibited in the National Museum of Antiquities in
Edinburgh.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: J. H. Burton, Hist. of Scotland, vi. 150-152, 8 vols.,
London, 1873; Schaff, Creeds, i. 88; DNB, xxi. 102.
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