Hi tomxes!!!
As you ask in the question and subsequent clarifications I wil provide
you with an outline of this topic and several sources related.
Also I will bring you some pages wich will lead you to writte your
essays.
The structure of my answer is as follows:
-General Introduction.
-Introduction to the Greek Art.
-Introduction to the Roman Art.
-Differences betwwen Greek and Roman Art.
-Conclusion
-General Introduction:
The art of the ancient Greeks and Romans is called classical art. This
name is used also to describe later periods in which artists looked
for their inspiration to this ancient style. The Romans learned
sculpture and painting largely from the Etruscans and Greeks and
helped to transmit Greek art to later ages.
------------------------------------
-Introduction to the Greek Art:
Greek artists achieved a very high level of sophistication. Indeed, it
is easy to see why ancient Greek art has been a paradigm for artists
throughout the ages; with its emphasis on order, harmony, and balance,
as well as a focus on celebrating and idealizing the human figure,
Greek art captured a moment of beauty for all eternity.
We can divide the Greek Art history in four ages:
_Geometric Age: This early period from Greek art history shows how
ancient artists adorned many of their works (vase paintings in
particular) with geometric patterns.
_Archaic Age: During this period, Greek artists came into contact with
foreign ideas and styles. It was also a time when vase painting and
sculpture began to reflect the Greek ideals.
_Classical Age: Often referred to as the "Golden Age", the Classical
era was a time when perfection was achieved in the arts; the Parthenon
was constructed during this period.
_Hellenistic Age: In the Hellenistic period, new ideas permeated Greek
art, and emotion, drama, and realism began to influence the appearance
- and subject matter - of Hellenistic sculpture.
Source: "Art History at Loggia | Exploring Ancient Greek Art":
http://www.loggia.com/art/ancient/greece.html
"The first and greatest period of classical art began in Greece about
the middle of the 5th century BC. By that time Greek sculptors
had...learned to represent the human form naturally and easily, in
action or at rest. They were interested chiefly in portraying gods,
however. They thought of their gods as people, but grander and more
beautiful than any human being. They tried, therefore, to portray
ideal beauty rather than any particular person. Their best sculptures
achieved almost godlike perfection in their calm, ordered beauty.
The Greeks had marble and used it freely for temples as well as for
their sculpture. They were not satisfied with its cold whiteness,
however, and painted both their statues and their buildings. Some
statues have been found with their bright colors still preserved, but
most of them lost their paint through weathering. ... Parrhasius,
Zeuxis, and Apelles, the great painters of the 4th century BC, were
famous as colorists. Polygnotus, in the 5th century, was renowned as a
draftsman.
We have many examples of Greek vases. ... The beautiful decorations on
these vases give us some idea of ... the wonderful feeling for form
and line that made the Greeks supreme in the field of sculpture.
... The earliest vases--produced from about the 12th century to the
8th century BC--were decorated with brown paint in the so-called
geometric style. ...In the next period the figures of men and gods
began to be more realistic and were painted in black on the red clay.
In the 6th century BC the figures were left in red and a black
background was painted in.
By the 8th century BC the Greeks ... began to visit other lands. In
Egypt they saw many beautiful examples of both painting and sculpture.
In Asia Minor they were impressed by the enormous Babylonian and
Assyrian sculptures that showed narrative scenes.
The early Greek statues were stiff and flat, but in about the 6th
century BC the sculptors began to study the human body and work out
its proportions.
... The Greeks wore no clothing when they practiced sports, and the
sculptor could observe their beautiful, strong bodies in every pose.
Greek religion, Greek love of beauty, and a growing spirit of
nationalism found fuller and fuller expression. But it took the crisis
of the Persian invasion (490-479 BC) to arouse the young, virile race
to great achievements. After driving out the invaders, the Greeks
suddenly, in the 5th century, reached their full stature. What the
Persians had destroyed, the Greeks set to work to rebuild. Their poets
sang the glories of the new epoch, and Greek genius...came to full
strength and beauty. It was then, under Pericles, that the Athenian
Acropolis was restored and adorned with the matchless Parthenon, the
Erechtheum, and other beautiful buildings. There were beautiful
temples in other cities of Greece too, notably that of Zeus at
Olympia, which are known from descriptions by the ancient writers and
from a few fragments that have been discovered in recent times.
The 5th century BC was made illustrious in sculpture also by the work
of three great masters.... Myron is famous for the boldness with which
he fixed moments of violent action in bronze, as in his famous
'Discobolus', or Discus Thrower. There are fine copies now in Munich
and in the Vatican, in Rome. The 'Doryphorus', or Spear Bearer, of
Polyclitus was called by the ancients the Rule, or guide in
composition. The Spear Bearer was believed to follow the true
proportions of the human body perfectly.
...The greatest name in Greek sculpture is that of Phidias. Under his
direction the sculptures decorating the Parthenon were planned and
executed. Some of them may have been the work of his own hand. His
great masterpieces were the huge gold and ivory statue of Athena which
stood within this temple and the similar one of Zeus in the temple at
Olympia.
...The works of Phidias were followed by those of Praxiteles, Scopas,
and Lysippus.
...Praxiteles' sculpture is less lofty and dignified than that of
Phidias, but it is full of grace and charm. Scopas carried further the
tendency to portray dramatic moods, giving his subjects an intense
impassioned expression. Lysippus returned to the athletic type of
Polyclitus, but his figures are lighter and more slender, combining
manly beauty and strength. He was at the height of his fame in the
time of Alexander the Great.
...The period following the death of Alexander is known as the
Hellenistic. Greek art lost much of its simplicity and ideal
perfection of form, its serenity and restraint, but it gained in
intensity of feeling and became more realistic. Two works of the
period are the 'Dying Gaul', sometimes called the 'Dying Gladiator',
and the beautiful 'Apollo Belvedere'. The 'Laocoon' group, which
depicts a father and his sons crushed to death by serpents,
illustrates the extremity of physical suffering as represented in
sculpture.
A famous late Hellenistic statue is the 'Nike', 'Winged Victory' or
'Victory of Samothrace' . The dramatic effect of her sweeping
draperies and the swift movement of the figure are distinctive. In
contrast to previous standing figures, this is an action pose, giving
a sense of motion and wind at sea. The date of the statue has been
disputed. At present it is usually placed between 250 and 180 BC."
It was taken from "GREEK AND ROMAN ART":
http://greek438.tripod.com/greekromanart.htm
-------------------------------------------------
-Introduction to the Roman Art:
Romans were collectors and admirers of Greek art.
As a result, Roman art is somewhat based on Greek art. However, Roman
art is not merely a continuation of Greek art.
Roman art is divided into four categories: portrait sculptures,
paintings and mosaics, relief sculptures, and statues. Each of these
has its own characteristics:
-Portrait sculptures, designed by the Romans, shows the desire of the
Romans for literalness; it records even the homeliest features. Some
art historians believe that the vividly real portrait sculptures that
appeared during the Republican Period were inspired by death masks.
-Paintings and mosaics were influenced by the architecture of the
Romans . Their architecture consisted of buildings containing a small
number of doors and windows, thus leaving considerably large stretches
of wall space suitable for decoration. The walls were used for two
things in Roman art. First, they were used as a barrier. Secondly,
they were used to visually open the wall and enhance the space of the
room. Only certain colors were used: deep red, yellow, green, violet
and black.
Two methods were used to prepare walls for painting. In one, plaster
was compounded with marble dust, then laid directly on the wall in
several layers. Finally, it was polished to a marble finish. The wall
was then ready to be painted with water colors or encaustic paints.
The other method, called panel painting, consisted of stucco being
applied to boards of wood. Then water colors, obtained from minerals
and animal dyes were applied. The painting was then mounted to cover a
wall.There are four styles of painting Incrustation, the first style,
was used from 200 to 60 B.C. Walls were divided into bright polychrome
panels of solid colors with an occasional textural contrast. In the
years 60 to 20 B.C. the second style, the architectural style, was
used. This method made a wall look as if it extended beyond the room,
but it wasn't systematically perspective. In the years 20 B.C. to A.D.
60, the third style, the ornate style, was used. This method
subdivided a wall into a number of panels by means of vertical and
horizontal bands. The fourth and final style of painting took place in
A.D.60 to A.D.79. It was called the intricate style. Each wall
contained a great number of separate paintings not relating to each
other. Art of Rome wasn't limited to that of walls. Romans also had
murals, painted glass, illustrated books, and easel paintings.
-Relief sculptures, carved into large pieces of stone, were used to
decorate pediments, cella walls of temples, and the interior and
exterior of various buildings. There are two types of relief
sculptures. One is a pictorial frieze, which is an unbroken
representation of one or more mythological or historical events. The
other is an image. It consists of a self-contained representation of
an act, an occurrence, or event relating to the deeds of military
figures. Reliefs varied by the method in which they were executed.
Some were densely packed while other were loosely dispersed.
-Sculptures were one form of art in which the Romans copied the Greeks
to a great extent. Statues of Greek gods were taken and copied. Then
wings and portrait heads were added along with draping clothing. The
Romans favorite subjects for nude statues were powerful, muscular,
male bodies. As a result, a vast majority of nude statues are exactly
that, muscular men. Many statues of people were made into an ideal
form, although some represented a person's characteristics. For
example, a small head was symbolic of a person with little
intelligence.
Taken from "Roman Art":
http://www.freeessays.cc/db/6/ame194.shtml
"The Romans art was used not so much for the expression of great and
noble ideas and emotions as for decoration and ostentation. As art
became fashionable, it lost much of its spiritual quality. As they
borrowed many elements of their religion from the Greeks, so the
Romans copied the statues of Greek gods and goddesses. In one respect,
however, the Roman sculptors did show originality; they produced many
vigorous realistic portrait statues."
From "GREEK AND ROMAN ART":
http://greek438.tripod.com/greekromanart.htm
------------------------------------------
-Differences betwwen Greek and Roman Art:
There are a number of similarities between Greek and Roman art that
are evident with these two cultures, but the point will be focused on
the differences.
"Throughout history art has consistently reflected the cultural values
and social structures of individual civilizations.
...From art we can determine the basic moral and philosophical beliefs
of many ancient societies. The differences in arts purpose in Greece
and Rome, for example, show us the fundamental differences in each
cultures political and moral system. The primary objective of Greek
art was to explore the order of nature and to convey philosophical
thought, while Roman art was used primarily as a medium to project the
authority and importance of the current ruler and the greatness of his
empire. This change in the meaning of art from Greek to Roman times
shows the gradual decline in the importance of intellectualism in
ancient western culture....The fact that Greek civilization reached a
point at which its art reflected some of the most refined thought ever
recorded in the ancient world shows the importance of intellectualism
in this great culture.
...The Doryphoros, a sculpture done by Polycleatus himself, serves as
an excellent example of how art reflects philosophical thought. This
sculpture was constructed using a strict mathematical formula that was
believed to represent the perfect male body. Greek philosophers such
as Aristotle further explored the value and importance of visual
perfection and its effect on human consciousness. This exploration was
later developed into a branch of philosophy known as Aesthetics.
In contrast, Roman art was used as propaganda that displayed the
authority and greatness of Romes current ruler; this in no way
reflected evolution of thought...(Roman) Artists began to use detailed
craftsmanship with which they could portray human emotion and in turn
use physical appearance to make a statement about politicians
character...Art was no longer used to convey philosophical thought or
to explore the delicate balance of nature...Only a short time after
the Romans entered the Hellenistic era...roman artists began to use
the Greek ideas of detailed anatomy and mathematical proportions to
depict the bodies of their rulers. This, in combination with use of
mythological figures to show the divinity of the Caesar, brought Roman
propagandistic art to a new level. The Augustus of Prima Porta is an
excellent example...The body of this sculpture is based on that of a
Greek God figure such as the Hermes, by Praxtiteles. The artist who
was responsible for the carving of the Augustus highly modifies the
so-called perfect form in order to convey certain symbols of power.
The most notable difference between this work and the original Greek
works is that the subject is clothed with extravagant armor and
drapery. The decorative breastplate worn by Augustus in this portrait
is a symbol of empirical conquest...At his feet, a small sculpture of
Cupid was carved in an attempt to show Augustuss divine lineage."
Taken from "Roman Art Vs. Greek Art" (you must take a look here):
http://www.essays.cc/free_essays/a4/cng289.shtml
In conclusion the difference between Greek and Roman artistic
temperament is revealed in a comparison of the sculpture created by
each culture. While the Greeks were content to idealize their images,
the Republic Romans preferred representations in stone and bronze that
emphasized the reality of the person being portrayed. And later they
searched for depict the majesty of the rulers.
The Greeks used a combination of ideal parts in their art but not
showing any actual people. The Romans were masters of realism, no
matter what motivated Roman to create their "real" images of people,
the fact is that these portraits are a powerful evidence of the
industriousness of the Romans. Indeed, it seems fair to say that in
some respects, the Romans wanted to create the world in their own
image.
Additional resources:
From the "Montgomery County Public Schools" website:
-"Etruscan & Roman Art - Roman Republican Period":
http://www.mcps.k12.md.us/schools/quinceorchardhs/art/2000-2001/arthistory/rome/republican.html
-"Etruscan & Roman Art - Roman Imperial Period":
http://www.mcps.k12.md.us/schools/quinceorchardhs/art/2000-2001/arthistory/rome/imperial.html
From "The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York" website:
-"Greek Art" (PDF file):
http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/publications/pdfs/greek/divided/f-Greek-Art.pdf
From the "Lincoln Land Community College" website:
-"Adrianne Boyle, Instructor - Department of Fine Arts", there are
links to download Powerpoint presentations with great images about the
Roman and Greek Arts :
http://www.llcc.cc.il.us/aboyle/art204/
"GUIDE TO THE PRESENTATION OF ESSAYS & VISUAL PAPERS":
http://vandyck.anu.edu.au/greek/essaytips.html
Search Strategy:
"difference between" Greek Roman Art
Greek Art
Roman Art
Search Engine:
Google
I hope this helps.
And remember that this answer is not finished until your are satisfied
with it. If you need any clarification, please don't hesitate to ask
before rating this answer.
Best Regards.
livioflores-ga |
Clarification of Answer by
livioflores-ga
on
19 Feb 2003 08:23 PST
Hi again tomxes!!
I hope there isn´t to late to include something about the
architecture, and you are right, I missed this topic.
-Introduction to the Greek Architecture:
"The Greek's life was ruled and regulated by their religion. Because
of this, their temples were the largest and most intricately decorated
of all the buildings in each city. The temple was developed in the 8th
century, and contained the statue of the god or goddess that the
temple honored. Greek temples weren't usually grand in size, but had
elaborate detail in the architecture. The entrances to the temples
were very tall doorways, around two-thirds the height of the building.
When the doors were opened, they let enough light into the room that
the statue of the immortal would be lit.
on the other hand, private houses were very small, usually with one
main room. The shapes of the housing units were rectangular, oval, and
some were combinations of both, with curved back walls called apses.
Greek private homes were not architecturally impressive because their
walls were made of wet mud-brick and small stones.
Community activities, such as entertainment and recreational
activities, were taken place in large, open, arenas. These were
usually fields surrounded by many rows of columns. They had no roofs.
Also, baths were taken in large public bodies of water, with columns
built around them. These buildings were very simple, but
architecturally stayed the same over the ancient Greek times.
Roofs were not commonly used in Greek Architecture, temples were one
of the few public buildings that did. There were two main types of
roofs in Greek architectures:
-Laconian roofs: were made by large slates of tiles, and convex cover
tiles. (Sparta).
-Corinthian roofs: consisting of pitched cover tiles. (Delphi and
Olympia).
Generalizing, all roofs made of flat tiles were Corinthian, and all
roofs made of curved tiles were Laconian.
As we said, temples were one of the only buildings that were covered
with roofs. To hold up the roofs of the temples, three types of
columns were used. The three types of columns used in Greek
architecture were Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian:
-Doric columns: the Doric style is rather sturdy and its top (the
capital), is plain. Doric columns are the most basic and undecorative,
with a square and circular capital and a plain 20 sided shaft. There
is no base to spruce up this basic design which leaves this column
with a very straightforward but powerful presence in its design. This
style was used in mainland Greece and the colonies in southern Italy
and Sicily. The Temple of Hera at Olympia is an example of a building
with Doric style columns.
-Ionic columns: the Ionic style is thinner and more elegant. Ionic
columns were taller than Doric compared to their height, and also had
what is called entasis; which is a convex swelling to prevent an
illusion of concavity in a column shaft. The bases were large and
textured with a profile like that of stacked rings. Their capitals
consist of a scroll-like portion above a decorative shaft portion. The
Ionic style is a little more decorative in the capital, and had a
continuous band of drawings depicted. The Ionic cornice is virtually
the same as its Doric counterpart with only minor differences. This
style was found in eastern Greece and the islands. The first large
Greek Temples had Ionic columns. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, and
the Treasury of the Siphnians at Delphi had Ionic columns.
-Corinthian columns: these columns are the most decorative and usually
the most appealing to the modern eye. They too use entasis to correct
the optical illusions of the massive Greek structures. The Corinthian
capitals have flowering, leaf-like structures below a lesser scroll
design than that of Ionian capitals. The shaft has indented sides and
the base is a more refined version of the Ionian. The Corinthian roofs
are flat. The Corinthian frieze is the same as the Ionic frieze, but
on a smaller scale. The Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae has
Corinthian columns. The Corinthian style is seldom used in the Greek
world, but often seen on Roman temples.
-Note: to see the differences please take a look to this image:
http://www.mcps.k12.md.us/schools/takomaparkms/academics/ws/ppoint/greekarch/sld005.htm
And also visit this page:
http://wwws2.countryday.net/2006/rothda/greek_columns.htm
The materials used by ancient Greek architects evolved over time. In
the 7th century B.C., wood, stone and mud bricks were used to only
build temples; houses were simply made of clay and mud. Over the
following centuries, these materials were used to build common
buildings and private homes. Wood was used for roofing and supports of
the structure. Precious stones and metals were used for columns and
walls of public buildings and temples.
-Sources:
"Basics of Greek Architecture":
http://wwws2.countryday.net/2006/loudermie/greek%20architecture.htm
"Greek Architecture":
http://www-adm.pdx.edu/user/sinq/greekciv2/arts/architecture/greekark.htm
"When building the first temples, ancient Greek architects ran into
many problems, the first being the problem of design. When an
architect first began his temple, he had to begin at the bottom and
work his way up. The foundation must be strong and level in order for
the temple to be a success. One mistake in the beginning would have
been impossible to correct. One important restriction in drawing the
design plans was the size of the paper. They only had small pieces of
paper, made from papyrus. Although many prices were glued together to
make a bigger piece of paper, it still was not large enough to show
enough of the necessary details of the drawing to the builders. As a
result, detao;s were overlooked and could cause serious errors. The
Greeks came up with two solutions to help this problem. The first was
to design simple buildings. The second was to have the architect at
the site to tell the builders exactly what he wanted. Another problem
architects came upon, was the demand for large temples. If the width
of the building was increased, the weight of the columns would
increase. The solution to this problem was a simplistic design. The
basic plan was a long rectangular hall with a portico of columns
around all four sides. This plan did not cause an increase in the roof
span, and consequently did not put extra weight on the columns. There
are many buildings which show the classic Greek style of architecture.
These buildings, however, contain many different aspects, ranging from
the roof type, to size, to column type".
From "Greek Architecture - Buildings":
http://www-adm.pdx.edu/user/sinq/greekciv2/arts/architecture/greekark.htm#buildings
Note 2: If you want to see detailed descriptions of the most important
buildings of the ancient greek architecture visit the page mentioned
above.
-Introduction to Roman Architecture:
The architectural style of Rome was rooted in the Hellenistic
traditions. However, Roman architecture is probably more accurately
reflected in the development of new engineering skills and secular
monuments than the ideas of gods and perfection that birthed the Greek
architecture. They introduced not only new ways to construct a more
efficient building but also a entirely different purpose for the
building to be built.
Though the Romans did build temples to their gods, the Roman style was
more predominantly seen in public dwellings and social gathering
areas, such as basilicas and forums, than in their temples. In fact, a
majority of the Roman temples were nothing more than copies of Greek
temples, with the exception of the domed Pantheon.
Also, the Romans included their emperors in the temples along with the
gods and sometimes the temple was just for the emperor himself.
The Roman building are beautiful on the outside, but they did their
best efforts inside, with the many-colored walls and paintings that
gave a sense of depth to the room. Also, the Roman architect was
concerned with the lighting of the room so that the interior
decorations could be seen clearly. These things were important to the
Romans because their buildings were meant to be gathering places for
the public. The basilica was one such of these types of buildings that
was intended to be a gathering place for Romans citizens to hold
meeting and perhaps even courts.
As the Roman civilization grew larger and larger the buildings they
used for meetings and markets of course had to grow too. This
presented a problem with the use of columns, because the big the
building, the more columns needed to hold it up. Thus the Romans
turned to engineering for the solution and the arch was born. By using
arches instead of columns and beams, the weight of the structure was
spread evenly out and toward the ground rather than directly down on
the beam. This increased the amount of weight that could be supported
in a single area and thus giving more room on the inside by taking
away previously necessary columns.
This invention of course changed the mindset on the construction of
regular building that would have relied of columns, but it also was a
stepping stone to another invention. The dome is nothing more than a
network of arches that form an enclosed building. This is the theory
that created the Pantheon, a circular dome that was the temple to the
gods.
ˇYou can also find more datailed information about specifics topics in
the following pages:
"Domestic Architecture":
http://www.2020site.org/rome/domestic.html
"Roman Arch and Columns":
http://www.2020site.org/rome/romanarch.html
"Roman Theaters":
http://www.2020site.org/rome/romantheaters.html
"Roman Temples":
http://www.2020site.org/rome/romantemples.html
I did not summarize from this pages because they claim:
"The Contents are licensed only for the personal, household,
educational use by a single individual. Reproducing Content on
another site or redistributing Content is forbidden. Taking Content
from this site and editing it and posting it on another site is also
forbidden."
http://www.2020site.org/legal/
-Differences between Greek and Roman Architectures:
The largest difference between Greek and Roman architecture is that
Roman architecture used curves throughout the building. The buildings
usually contained domes and circular figures, and were circularly
shaped throughout. A great majority of Greek architecture used
straight lines, except for the columns.
The Greeks people had a very good reason, in their minds, to build a
beautiful piece of architecture; the worship of gods. Most all of the
examples of Greek architecture that we know of today were temples. The
gods were the driving force behind any major architecture of the
Hellenistic period. This is not true of the Roman culture. In the
other hand, the Roman architecture was oriented to the utility of the
building, for that reason the most all of examples of Roman
architecture are Forums, Baths, Coliseum, Acueducts, etc.
This is one major difference between Greek and Roman architecture: the
purpose behind the building. Greek architecture was meant to be viewed
as a piece of art work that was dedicated to the gods. This is easy to
see from the ornateness of the outside of the building with the
pediments and metopes and the rather drabness of the inside with the
exception of the friezes. The Greek designed it as a sculpture in a
sense, with all of the beauty to be viewed from the outside. This way
of thinking is turned completely around in the Roman architectural
style. Although the Roman building are beautiful on the outside, the
true art lies on the inside, their buildings were meant to be
gathering places for the public.
Bathhouses, basilicas and market places know as forums are yet
examples of the types of building that the Romans focused on making
pleasing to the eye on the inside rather than the outside.
Not only did the Romans differ on why to build a building but they
also made drastic differences on how to build it. The Greeks used what
is know as a post and lintel system of designing a building. This is
basically the idea of standing to columns up and placing a beam across
them. A very simple and easy construction but on the other hand not a
very strong one.
Greek walls were made of cut stone blocks, trademark forms were
rectangles and straight lines and the support system was post and
lintel.
Roman walls were made of concrete with ornamental facing, the
trademark forms were circles and curved lines and the support system
was the rounded arch and vaults.
The Romans turned to engineering for building and they used the arch
support structure. By using arches instead of columns and beams, they
increased the amount of weight that could be supported in a single
area and thus giving more room on the inside by taking away previously
necessary columns, though they did keep some around for decoration.
Then follows the dome a network of arches that form an enclosed
building, you can see an example at the Pantheon.
It is one of the first of its kind and has stood for thousands of
years while other building designed strictly with columns have turn
into nothing more than ruins.
Sources:
"Roman Architecture"
http://www.freeessays.cc/db/5/avk21.shtml
"Greek Architecture"
http://www.edutel.org/clinton/art/greek.html
-Conclusion:
"The superior engineering skills of the Romans truly played a major
role in their architecture and set it apart from their Greek
counterparts. Though the origin of their ideas came from the Greek
architecture, the Romans were brilliant in the ways in which they
organized and improved those ideas. They pioneered innovations in
architecture, produced ground-breaking designs, and altered the very
way we view buildings. They have left an everlasting impact on
architecture by combining their way of life in the architecture that
begin long before them."
From "Roman Architecture":
http://www.freeessays.cc/db/5/avk21.shtml
A great source of images is "Maecenas - images of ancient Greece and
Rome":
http://wings.buffalo.edu/AandL/Maecenas/general_contents.html
You also can read the following essay "Roman Influence On
Architecture":
http://www.freeessays.cc/db/5/avk24.shtml
I hope this helps, and please forgive me for missing this part of the
answer.
Thank you for asking to Google Answers.
Best Regards
livioflores-ga
|