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Q: Understand file structure in IBM PC with 2000 operating system ( Answered 5 out of 5 stars,   2 Comments )
Question  
Subject: Understand file structure in IBM PC with 2000 operating system
Category: Computers > Software
Asked by: bbb-ga
List Price: $12.00
Posted: 20 Feb 2003 01:25 PST
Expires: 22 Mar 2003 01:25 PST
Question ID: 163814
Can somebody please explain the mess of a file structure in the system
2000 (I think XP had just as big a mess)?
Here are my goals:
1. To understand where my files are.
2. To be able to back up by using click-and-drag to copy one data
directory (or just a few) over to my second hard drive.
3.  To simplfy the messs of this:
Here's some of what I don't understand:
1. Why does the desktop show in two places?
2. Why does my name (x x's files) show up in a lot of places?
3. Aren't "my music" and "my this" and "My that" all over the place?
Where and how can i simplify this??? I literally spend more time
looking for files than I do in working.
Answer  
Subject: Re: Understand file structure in IBM PC with 2000 operating system
Answered By: j_philipp-ga on 20 Feb 2003 02:21 PST
Rated:5 out of 5 stars
 
Hello Bbb,

The first thing to understand where your files are in Windows 2000:
- Save files where you want to, and not where the application in use
suggests to save them.

Secondly, to easily back-up your files, you might want to:
- Save files in your own folder structure, not in the "My documents"
folder.


To explain; different programs may suggest different paths. Some may
use their own application sub-folder. For a chat program saving files
someone sends you, this could be the following path:

    C:\Program Files\mIRC\download

Others, especially Microsoft programs like Word or Excel, will suggest
the "My Documents" folder, or a sub-folder thereof. Like:

    C:\My Documents\My Pictures

This is a preferred folder defined by default settings, but those
default settings typically can be changed from within the program
options. Also, some programs will remember the last folder you saved
your files in while using the program.
Now let's say you create your own folder structure:

    C:\files

Here you could put sub-folders like "pictures", "texts", and "music"
to store your files.
Maybe you use Microsoft Word to write a family letter. You could now
save it in:

    C:\files\texts\family

Now in order to find this "files" folder quickly, create a short-cut
to it on both the Desktop, as well as the "My Documents" folder.
Whenever a program suggest to you to save in "My Documents" you simply
click on the "files" short-cut and off you go to a zone you created
yourself, where you will always remember your files.
And now it has also become very easy to back-up your data; simply
drag-and-drop the "files"-folder to whatever place you want to save it
(like a second hard disk, a CD, or Zip medium).

As additional note, if you share your computer with others, you might
want to create a username sub-structure, like:

    C:\home\john\files


You also ask why the Desktop shows up in different places.
Well, the Desktop is actually storing its files in a "physical"
location which must be the hard-disk -- and in the actual hierarchy,
the hard-disk drive (like "C:\") is on the top, and not below the
Desktop. So the Desktop contains the "My Computer" icon, which
contains "C:\", which itself contains the "Desktop" folder! It might
be this path:

    C:\WINDOWS\Desktop

(Different users may have different Desktops, which is also the reason
why you may see a user-name showing up in the folder structure.)
If you want to see the location of this Desktop for yourself,
right-click the "My Computer" icon on your Desktop and select
"Explore...". This will open the application "Windows Explorer", which
is very useful to manage your files, and display the hierarchy of
folders and sub-folders. Click on folders of the overview to the left
and always compare with the address (folder path) shown on top.

You can now also see that "My Documents" is not really all over the
place but that it's linked to from other places. However all those
short-cuts will still lead to the same location. The Desktop folder --
despite its special icon, the fact that it cannot be deleted, and an
entry in the Windows Registry linking to it -- is still just a folder.


I hope this clarifies things, and good luck!


Search strategy:
(none)

Request for Answer Clarification by bbb-ga on 20 Feb 2003 06:55 PST
Yes and no. I realize I've asked something almost impossible, and
particularly almost impossible without a diagram, but nevertheless I
knew everything you've told me -- sort of -- but I'm still not helped.
Here's the problem: The setup as Microsoft has crreated it is not only
insane (that I could deal with) but internally inconsistent, and I
would like an explanation of how to deal with it. This will inevitably
mean using part of this and ignoring the rest.

Desktop A
  My Documents

Request for Answer Clarification by bbb-ga on 20 Feb 2003 07:34 PST
Coninued (I did not mean to POST the above since it wasn't finished.

Desktop [I]
  My documents [DESKTOP LEVEL]
      My Music [1 HAS CONTENTS]
  My Computer 
      Floppy (A:)
      Local Disk C: 
          Documents and Settings [DS]
             All Users
                Desktop II 
                Documents
                  My Music [2 EMPTY] 
             My NAME
                Desktop III  
                   Data File I [HERE ?]
                My Documents 
                   HERE ??
                My Music [3]
             Default User
                My Documents
 Data File I       

Above is a very simplified version of what I see, and what I can't
possibly understand. (I have been working on computers since 1981, and
have studied programming, and have never seen any crap as confusing as
this. The setup used to be much clearer, especially back in DOS before
they added the "helpful" Desktop, which now has been used to maximize
confusion.)

Some of what is above is my fault (I think?). I also realize that
letting you have identical sub-folder names is "a feature, not a bug,"
to use programmers' jargon.

My only hope is to use as little of the above as possible. 
I gather that Desktop I = Desktop III (even though III is nested
deeply). That's confusing already. It means that Data File I occurs in
two places, for example. What I want to know is this: I want to have
all my data files in one place, where it won't screw up the system,
and where I can look for them in one place.

Above, I could logically place my documents in one of the following:
   Desktop I 
or IN
   My Documents DESKTOP LEVEL (i.e., one level down from the "system"
desktop?)
or IN 
   My Computer > C: > Documents and settings
   
   and then under
        All users [I'm a user, right?] > documents 
          (and there's DESKTOP II here, just waiting?)  
   or, then under 
        MY NAME 
           Desktop III [hey, this is DESKTOP I too!]
   OR under
        My documents (hey, they should go HERE. They're documents,
arent't they?

And so on. I probably created SOME of the duplication above, but there
are also pplenty of "My Music" and "My document" files that are
created by default, too, and a lot of those are used by various
downloads, etc., and you do NOT always get a chance to select where
things get put.

Anyway, this is not your fault or mine, so tell me one thing, which I
stlil don't understand. Where, in that huge mess, should I put my
files? There are at least FIVE or more logical places. Microsoft in
its default structures uses "documents" so often by default that it
means nothing, of course. (Why put "documents and settings" in one
folder anyway? That's like a hamper labeled "Oranges and Extension
cords").

Can you help with this? I need to know a folder that will never
conflict with the system itself. I also find a lot of times Microsoft
has changed my folder icoons to a weird one, and that also means it's
put a *.INI file inside, and I don't--of course -- know what this
means either. "Ini" suggests a system file to me, and looks important.
What's it doing in the middle of my data, and what do I do if I want
to move those files and delete that folder, later. Just delete that
*.ini file? This is really a 2nd question, so you needn't supply th
eanswer (for the same 2-figure fee), but it's related so I'd
appreciate any help.

Whew. This was as short as I could make it, but whew.
bbb

Clarification of Answer by j_philipp-ga on 21 Feb 2003 00:27 PST
Hello Bbb,

I'm glad the answer and comments were helpful to you, and thanks for
the tip!

Yes, I do think the best solution is to create your own "files root"
folder and simply ignore whatever Windows is trying to suggest to be
optimal. This way, you can simply apply similar methodology to other
Operating Systems (in case you use them), and you don't have to change
the way you work whenever a new Windows update comes along. Myself I
also find it important that my personal "files" folder is hidden to
the Registry; that is, other programs won't know about it and
consequently I can be sure they won't play around with it.

As for putting the "files root" folder onto the Desktop, here's a
small suggestion; only put a short-cut to the "files" folder on the
Desktop (and in other important folders, like "My Documents"), but
place the actual folder in a position like "C:\files". This will make
it easier to always find it from within any application (or to type
out the path in case of a DOS application or an INI file).
bbb-ga rated this answer:5 out of 5 stars and gave an additional tip of: $10.00
Well, thanks a great deal for a great answer.
First of all, you went to a lot of trouble--and it all helped, believe
me.
2nd, you clarified exactly WHY the 2000 system is such a mess, and
undersanding WHY helps me to deal with it, definitely. After thinking
about what you said, I suspect the best approach for me is to use ONE
major document folder, keep it on the desktop, and have ALL my data
inside it. I'll treat it as a ROOT directory, that is (and I'll
probably call it that). Then, I will IGNORE all the other folders that
the system creates to confuse things. I will not go look inside the
"documents and settings" or "user" or administrator or whatever.

I will also check for the creation of 'My music" or 'my picutres" or
'my cheeseburgers' or whatever that might be created without asking by
other programs, periodically. (I'll try to search through some likely
folders, but will also do a search for "My *.*" periodically.

Third, you have clarified what those *.INI files are doing in there,
in data folders. If I understand you correctly, they contain nothing
but "preferences" for viewing the folder, and if I don't HAVE any
special preferences, I can just delete those too.

Many thanks. 

Incidentally, I'm about to submit a question about dealing  with long
file names, if you're looking for more heroic answers.

Thanks!

Comments  
Subject: Re: Understand file structure in IBM PC with 2000 operating system
From: phi-ga on 20 Feb 2003 13:45 PST
 
The File structure in windows 2000 is a little different than it is in
windows Me, 98 or 95. Because widows 2000 is designed for a multi-user
environment (where more than one user logs on to one computer using
his username and password) it keeps different copies of  "My documents
" folders for each user. Which at times can be confusing for people
used to single user model of windows.
To keep things safe U should keep all ur own documents in "My
documents" after u log on using ur own nick /password.

The basic structure of the file system is the same as u have presented
i.e.
With a little modification.

      Local Disk C:  
	|----    Documents and Settings [DS] 
	|	|-----    All Users
	|	|	|----   Desktop Settings (common for all users)
	|	|	|---     Other settings  (other settings and files common to all
users)
	|	|------User bbb-ga 	
	|	|	|----   My Documents (for this user)
	|	|	|	|----   My Music
	|	|	|	|----   My Downloads
	|	|	|	|----   Messenger Received Files
	|	|	|----   Desktop Settings (specific to this user)
	|	|	|----   Other Files and settings Specific to this user 
	|	|	
	|	|
	|	|------User with a different name 	
	|		|----   My Documents (for this user)
	|		|	|----   My Music
	|		|	|----   My Downloads
	|		|	|----   Messenger Received Files
	|		|----   Desktop Settings (specific to this user)
	|		|----   Other Files and settings Specific to this user 
	|
	|----   Program Files
	|	|----   Various Program Files and other installed applications
	|	|----   common files (for the applications which they might share)
	|	|----Kazaa
	|	|          |---- My shared Folder
	|
 	|---- WINNT (this is the system Files Folder)
         

this is the basic true structure.Notice that as the structure starts
at C: and has branches that extend to varios file names. like a tree.
but because its like a inverted tree the structure is refered to as
haveing a file tree structure. and the location C: is often refered to
as the "root" location.
As an added twist there are special types of files called  shortcuts.
these files have special properties such that when u try to open them
they redirect ur focus to another item.
Hence  the above structure might look different with shortcuts . 


       [  desktop  ]
	|
       [  My Documents  ]
	|
       [ My Computer  ]
	|	|
	|	|
 	|	|
  	|    Local Disk C:  
	|	|----    Documents and Settings [DS] 
	|	|	|-----    All Users
	|	|	|	|----   Desktop Settings (common for all users)
	|	|	|	|---     Other settings  (other settings and files common to
all users)
	|	|	|------User bbb-ga 	
	|	|	|	|----   My Documents (for this user)
	|	|	|	|	|----   My Music
	|	|	|	|	|----   My Downloads
	|	|	|	|	|----   Messenger Received Files
	|	|	|	|	|---    My Other stuff
	|	|	|	|----   Desktop Settings (specific to this user)
	|	|	|	|----   Other Files and settings Specific to this user 
	|	|	|	
	|	|	|
	|	|	|------User with a different name 	
	|	|		|----   My Documents (for this user)
	|	|		|	|----   My Music
	|	|		|	|----   My Downloads
	|	|		|	|----   Messenger Received Files
	|	|		|----   Desktop Settings (specific to this user)
	|	|		|----   Other Files and settings Specific to this user 
	|	|
	|	|----   Program Files
	|	|	|----   Various Program Files and other installed applications
	|	|	|----   common files (for the applications which they might
share)
	|	|	|----Kazaa
	|	|	|          |---- My shared Folder
	|	|
	|	|---- WINNT (this is the system Files Folder)
	|
	|
	|--  [ My Network Places ]
	|
	|-- [ Recycle Bin]
	|-- [ Internet Explorer ]
	|-- some file u have on ur Desktop
	
	 Note all names that I have included in braces or square brackets are
not really there. But are merely shortcuts that transparently point to
their location.


And to top all of this confusion. there are some programs that do not
understand this and simply treat all Windows installations as windows
98 compatible.
the windows 98 tree is a little different

      Local Disk C:  
	|----    My Documents  
	|
	|----    My Downloads
	|----   Program Files
	|	|----   Various Program Files and other installed applications
	|	|----   common files (for the applications which they might share)
	|	|----Kazaa
	|	|          |---- My shared Folder
	|
 	|---- WINDOWS (this is the system Files Folder)
		|-- Desktop settings folder somewhere in the windows directory
depending on if  its a multi user computer or a single user


 so u  can see some applications look for "My music " Folder in "
C:\My Music " and if they Don't find it there . they simply make a new
one there hence the confusion.( Notice Kazaa Is an example of such a
program )
	To simplify the user . U can save all ur files in the "My documents"
Folder u see on ur desktop or IF u want to Find that Folder thru the
explorer tree it should be in place according to the above diagrams.

u can simply make Folder on the second drive and arrange it is u see
fit. And as long as its not IN "Program Files” or " WINNT" It
shouldn’t interfere with normal operations.

I hope that clarifies it a little.  :)
Subject: Re: Understand file structure in IBM PC with 2000 operating system
From: phi-ga on 20 Feb 2003 13:50 PST
 
when u create a folder  windows looks for a file called desktop.ini
inside the folder if it doesn't find it. it creates the file
what the file contains is ur preferences  of How u want to see the
folder.(u might want to see a background on it. or u want to see
preview of the pictures etc etc ) if u customise ur settings this is
where it is stored.

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