Please outline the process, and "increasing the chances", of securing a
1 year (working or otherwise) visa, for a Balinese born Hindu 24 year
old male, to Australia.
In simple terms please, who does what in the steps of this process?

Additional information to assist with an answer; 
 He is currently an entertainment consultant at a hotel resort, can
 cook and is very healthy has done building labouring
 Owns land in Denpasur, 
 Would live in rental accommodation with an Australian born national
 (girlfriend in love, known 3 years) whilst in Australia
 Marriage is unavailable for 2 years due to his religion but will occur
 after that time.
 Has recently visited Australia for a month, 3 weeks ago, under
 sponsorship of business owners in Adelaide, Australia, (girlfriend’s
 parents) and returned home without incident.
 Could secure same sponsorship again (people to ‘vouch’ for him). 
 Speaks very good English
 Does not have much money, AUS$5k net wealth, (estimated).

Over to you oh wise one and thanks in advance, on behalf of my friend.

Some information that might help is at:

http://www.immigrationandvisas.com/australia/aus_temp.htm

Executive Visa: You must have been appointed to a senior position in a
company which operates in Australia or have been appointed by an
overseas company to open a branch of that company in Australia and be
a bona fide (genuine) temporary worker. You are usually granted a visa
for a period of a maximum of 4 years except where a new branch is to
be established and then in those circumstances normally the stay of
only 2 years permitted. Extensions are possible provided certain rules
are met. There is no limit to the number extensions or the total
period of stay for senior executives.

Specialists Visa: You must have been recruited to a full time position
requiring trade, technical or professional skills for which they have
suitable skills and experience which are not readily available in
Australia. A visa is normally granted for 2 years for this purpose.

Working Holiday Visa: This visa can only be applied for by people
usually between the ages of 18 and 26 who are citizens of the United
Kingdom, Ireland, the Netherlands, Canada, Korea or Japan or are able
to show that the grant of the working holiday visa would be to the
benefit to the applicant and Australia.

Generally you are given visas which allow them to stay for 12 months
however you cannot work for any one employer for more than 3 months in
total.

Student Visa: People may come to Australia to study if they are
enrolled in a full-time course that is a registered course or are
enrolled in a full-time study as an exchange student or assisted
student. They must have acceptable health insurance, be a genuine
student and have adequate finances and meet certain settlement rules
if intending to study in Australia for 12 months or more. The rules
for student visas are somewhat complex and detailed and again we will
provide advice based on the applicants particular case.

...........and good luck to you as well as I suspect you will need
lots of it. I have an Indonesian wife( Manado born) and 4 year old
daughter but cant even get them here for a short visit, even to  visit
my ageing mother , my daughter's Grandma; not even for a  two week
holiday type visit.

  JohnfromMelbourne