I am looking for a summary of all contract research organisations
(CROs) providing services for the pharmaceutical industry in A. the
US, B. the UK, C. Australasia, with particular reference to those with
special expertise in the areas of autoimmune disease, allergy and
neurology.

Hi! Thanks for the question.

In order to get a more comprehensive answer, I will cite different
directories of CROs whenever possible. If there is none for a
particular country, I will list the companies I found individually.

Our first link is important since it is billed as CROs having a global
presence plus it also lists their individual research specialties.

Global Contract Research Organizations
http://www.pharmafile.com/Images/pharmafocus/Features/Global%20CROs%20PharmafileIntl.pdf

Here are lists of CROs for different countries.

a.) US
http://www.sciencekomm.at/home/lists/cro.html
http://www.business.com/directory/pharmaceuticals_and_biotechnology/research_and_development/contract_research/

------------------
b.) UK

BIBRA International
http://www.bibra.co.uk/

Synexus
http://www.synexus.co.uk/

Nottingham Clinical Research Group
http://www.ncrl.co.uk/ 

Cambridge Healthcare Research
http://www.cambridgehealthcare.co.uk/ 

Urodoc
http://www.urodoc.co.uk/ 

Midian Clinical
http://www.midian-clinical.org/

AXESS
http://www.axess.co.uk/

Center Watch
http://www.centerwatch.org/professional/prv346.html

CentraLabS Clinical Research
http://www.centerwatch.org/professional/prv259.html

Fisher Clinical Services UK Limited
http://www.centerwatch.org/professional/prv334.html

ClinPhone Group Ltd.
http://www.centerwatch.org/professional/prv250.html

Inveresk Research (European Asia Pacific)
http://www.centerwatch.org/professional/prv206.html

First Form (UK) Limited
http://www.centerwatch.org/professional/prv263.html

Origin Pharmaceutical Services Ltd.
http://www.centerwatch.org/professional/prv340.html

Ingenix
http://www.ingenix.com/indexps.php 

-------------
Europe
http://directory.google.com/Top/Business/Biotechnology_and_Pharmaceuticals/Contract_Research_Organizations/Europe/

----------------
c.) Australasia

Australia
http://www.ausbioinfo.com/organisations/research_&_development_service_provider/index.php

New Zealand

Gleneagles CRC
http://www.gleneaglescrc.com/

Hauser Contract Research Organization
http://www.biopharmalink.com/companies/4357.htm 

Asia
http://directory.google.com/Top/Business/Biotechnology_and_Pharmaceuticals/Contract_Research_Organizations/Asia/

http://www.excite.co.uk/directory/Science/Biology/Business/Contract_Research_Organizations/Asia

Search terms used:     
"contract research organization" US UK Australia "New Zealand"
pharmaceuticals
         
I hope these links would help you in your research. Before rating this
answer, please ask for a clarification if you have a question or if
you would need further information.
         
Thanks for visiting us.          
         
Regards,          
Easterangel-ga          
Google Answers Researcher

I was hoping for more analysis, however the links you have found are
certainly useful.