list and describe very briefly the rules against which you can measure DDBMSs.

hi skokie!
The 12 rules against which you can measure DDBMSs are: 
1)	Local autonomy: No site should depend on another site to perform
its functions.
2)	No reliance on a central site: A DDBMS should not need to rely on
one site more than any other site.
3)	Continuous operation: Performing any function should not shut down
the entire distributed database.
4)	Location transparency: Users should feel as if the entire database
is stored at their location.
5)	Fragmentation transparency: Users should feel as if they are using
a single central database.
6)	Replication transparency: Users should not be aware of any data
replication.
7)	Distributed query processing: A DDBMS must process queries as
rapidly as possible even though the data is distributed.
8)	Distributed transaction management: A DDBMS must effectively manage
transaction updates at multiple sites.
9)	Hardware independence: A DDBMS must be able to run on different
types of hardware.
10)	Operating system independence: A DDBMS must be able to run on
different operating systems.
11)	Network independence: A DDBMS must be able to run on different
types of networks.
12)	DBMS independence: A DDBMS must be heterogeneous.
 
Source --
Database Management Approaches 
(Solutions / Answers to Review Questions - #21)
http://uisacad.uis.edu/~mpark1/chapter9.doc (Word document)
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I hope this helps!