Can you provide me an explination of each test done as part of a
urinalysis and what the results should be and what an abnormal result
for each test means

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Request for Question Clarification by justaskscott-ga on 07 May 2003 12:32 PDT

I believe that this depends on what the urinalysis is testing for. 
Are you interested in the results for urinalysis for a particular
substance or substances?

Hello -

Tests may vary from location to location in terms of what is looked at
and the normal ranges.  However, what I will list below are very
standard results and the normal values used by one hospital (there
should be little variation between hospitals, but variation exists due
to differt calibrations on the testing equipment used).

UA test        normal             abnormal
                                  high (if applicable)      low (if
applicable)

color/clarity  yellow to clear    cloudy - suggests infection
                                  bloody - blood from
menses/urethra/bladder
                              dark/brown - blood, myoglobin
(rhabdomyolysis),
                                           some drugs
specific       1.001 - 1.0035     dehydration, some drugs  
overhydration,
 gravity                                                    kidney
failure

pH             5-8                drugs                     urine
infection,
                                                            acidosis

protein        negative           kidney failure, blood in urine
ketones        negative           dehydration
hemoglobin     negative           blood in urine
urobilinogen   normal             hemolysis, liver failure  biliary
obstruction
glucose        negative           diabetes
bile           negaive            uretal fistula
nitrite        negative           urinary tract infection
leukocyte
 esterase      negative           urinary tract infection


Two other common urine tests performed are a "microscopic urine" and a
"urine toxicology".

Good references explaining the urinalys test:
http://www.1uphealth.com/health/urinalysis_values.html
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003579.htm
http://www.healthcentral.com/mhc/top/003579.cfm

Please let me know if you have further questions.

synarchy

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