Hello, Maureen.
The Scroll and Key building at Yale was designed by Richard Morris
Hunt, an alumnus of the École de Beaux-Arts in Paris.
"Richard Morris Hunt... designed the Theological library, and Marquand
chapel at Princeton; the Devinity college and the Scroll and Key
building at Yale (1869) which were encrusted with trefoils,
fleurs-de-lis, and flying buttresses looking like High Victorian
Gothic..."
John Singer Sargent Virtual Gallery
http://www.jssgallery.org/Paintings/Richard_Morris_Hunt.htm
"The alumni of... Scroll & Key (1842) incorporated as the Kingsley
Trust Association in 1860 and had Richard Morris Hunt design their
Spanish Moorish tomb of 1870 (Fig. 11). The building is a cube of
marble 'advertising mystery and inviting speculation' and cost about
$50,000."
Meachams
http://www.meachams.com/scott/darch/halls/hallscontent5.html
Here are some photographs of the Scroll and Key building:
Yale Daily News
http://www.yaledailynews.com/images/250_110599_chao.jpg
Yale University
http://www2.aya.yale.edu/classes/yc1979/knjiga/ScrollKey.jpg
Gateway Community College
http://www.gwctc.commnet.edu/artdept/arthis01/revivals/images/5_22bz.jpg
Library of Congress
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pnp/det/4a00000/4a09000/4a09000/4a09073r.jpg
Leland Torrence Enterprises
http://www.lelandtorrenceenterprises.com/images/LTE_G.jpg
Rose Zone: The Paper Picture Postcard Place
http://www.rosezone.com/postcards/images/1675-JPEG.html
Although the architecture of the Scroll and Key "tomb" has been
described as "Spanish Moorish" and as "High Victorian Gothic," I think
it is more aptly termed "Neo-Byzantine" or "Byzantine Revival" in
design. The alternating light-and-dark horizontal banding, the arcades
with rounded arches, and the flat roof with pointed crenellations all
have a distinctly Middle Eastern quality.
"Scroll and Key, Yale University, New Haven, 1869. Richard Morris
Hunt. Byzantine."
Gateway Community College
http://www.gwctc.commnet.edu/artdept/arthis01/revivals/secret.html
Compare the photos above to this Neo-Byzantine church:
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/paimboeuf/Eglise/Eglise.htm
Examine the details in another Neo-Byzantine church, particularly the
blind arcade:
http://ah.bfn.org/a/cable/160/facade/
Note the roof crenellations on this Neo-Byzantine building at the
Technion campus in Haifa, Israel:
Technion
http://www.technion.ac.il/english/graphics/random/picture-campus-12.jpg
The Neo-Byzantine Roosevelt High School, in Atlanta, Georgia, features
similar light/dark horizontal banding and rounded arches:
City of Atlanta
http://www.ci.atlanta.ga.us/citydir/URBAN/images/roosevelt%20high/roosevelt%20high%203.bmp
Several buildings at Rice University are in the Neo-Byzantine style.
Compare this image of Rice's Lovett Hall to the Scroll and Key tomb:
http://members.aol.com/dickheiser/Sallyport_2-.jpg
Search terms used:
"scroll & key(s)"
"scroll and key(s)"
"architect"
"architecture"
"yale university"
"richard morris hunt"
"spanish moorish"
"victorian gothic"
"neo-byzantine"
"byzantine revival"
I hope this information is helpful. If anything is unclear, or if a
link does not function, please request clarification; I'll gladly
offer further assistance before you rate my answer.
Best wishes,
pinkfreud |
Clarification of Answer by
pinkfreud-ga
on
14 May 2003 15:42 PDT
Here are several specific architectural details that, in my view,
characterize the Scroll and Key building as Neo-Byzantine:
1. Flat roof with pointed crenellations
2. Blind arcades with "Rundbogenstil" rounded arches
3. Light/dark horizontal banded stonework exterior
4. Decorative border motifs of repeating geometric figures,
particularly the eight-pointed star enclosing a rosette
(as seen in the photo linked below)
Gateway Community College
http://www.gwctc.commnet.edu/artdept/arthis01/revivals/images/5_22bz.jpg
The stylized eight-pointed star is a detail frequently seen in
Byzantine-influenced architecture. Here is an example from the Hagia
Sophia museum in Istanbul, Turkey:
Archivision
http://www.archivision.com/images/1.10/69800.jpg
I do not believe that Richard Morris Hunt's design was influenced by
any particular building, but he incorporated styles similar to many
buildings with Byzantine features. In addition to the five buildings I
gave as examples in my answer, here are some more examples of
Byzantine and Neo-Byzantine buildings that somewhat resemble the
Scroll and Key building:
The ruins of an ancient Byzantine church in Monemvasia, Greece. Note
the rounded arches and the light-and-dark banding:
Hock.net
http://hock.net/photos/greece/monemvasia/monemvasia-upper-ruins-byzantine-church.jpg
Holy Trinity Church, in New York City, which also has a banded
stonework exterior:
Fordham University
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/medny/taylor1.jpg
A Byzantine Museum in Greece which has a flat roof and rather blocky
construction:
Komotini Online
http://www.kom.gr/tourguide/i/byzantine.jpg
Differentiating Spanish-Moorish architecture from the Neo-Byzantine
style is a judgment call. The styles have much in common. In my view,
the flat roof and the combination of both pointed arches and rounded
arches are somewhat more characteristic of a Neo-Byzantine design, but
there is certainly nothing wrong in calling the Scroll and Key
building Spanish-Moorish.
~pinkfreud
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