Request for Question Clarification by
aceresearcher-ga
on
15 May 2003 15:07 PDT
rossmon,
I requested that the Editors remove my Answer, so that you would not
be charged for it, because as your Question was revised in your
Clarification, I did not feel that I could provide you with a complete
Answer for the new Question. However, I am pasting the contents of my
Answer, your Clarification, and my Response here so that you will have
the information.
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Greetings, rossmon!
Much of the information that I found seems to indicate that there is
an increased risk for the sexual partners of uncircumcised men for
- Cervical Cancer, caused by HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
- HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
- some other STDs (sexually transmitted diseases), such as syphilis,
gonorrhea, and genital warts, but apparently not a higher risk for
nongonococcal urethritis, chlamydia and genital herpes
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"Male Circumcision Reduces Risk of Both Acquiring And Transmitting
Infection" by T. Lane, International Family Planning Perspectives,
Volume 28, Number 3, September 2002:
"Circumcised men are less likely than uncircumcised men to have penile
human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and female partners of men who
engage in risky sexual behavior have a reduced likelihood of having
cervical cancer if the man is circumcised. According to a
multinational study conducted by the International Agency for Research
on Cancer (IARC), the odds that circumcised men had penile HPV
infection were about 60% lower than the odds that uncircumcised men
had this diagnosis.1 Among monogamous women who had a partner
reporting six or more lifetime sexual partners, the odds of having
cervical cancer were reduced by about 60% if the partner had been
circumcised."
http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/2817902.html
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"Male Circumcision and HIV/AIDS: Are Adolescents the Key?", from
"Population Reports" quarterly journal published by the Population
Information Program (PIP) at the Center for Communication Programs
(CCP) of The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health:
"The most compelling evidence about HIV and male circumcision comes
from Uganda. In a study of 187 discordant couples in which the woman
was infected with HIV but the man was not, no circumcised man became
infected with HIV over a 30-month trial period. Among the
uncircumcised men 29% became infected. Among the 223 discordant
couples in which the man was HIV-positive but the woman was not,
circumcised men were less likely to transmit the virus to women, but
this protective effect declined at higher viral loads."
http://www.jhuccp.org/pr/l12/l12boxes.shtml#male
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"AAFP Clinical Recommendations: Position Paper on Neonatal
Circumcision", American Academy of Family Physicians, Leawood, Kansas
(February 14, 2002):
"Overall, the studies investigating the association between having a
sexually transmitted disease (STD)-excluding human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV)- and being circumcised are inconclusive. Although a number
of studies did find that uncircumcised men had higher rates of STDs,
the majority of these studies had methodological limitations. The
foreskin is thought to provide a moist environment to harbor bacteria
and viruses, and some studies suggest an association with being
uncircumcised and developing ulcerative STDs (i.e., syphilis,
chancroid, and genital herpes); however, the evidence does not show an
association of being uncircumcised with developing nongonococcal
urethritis or genital warts. From one study of 2,776 documented cases
of a STD, uncircumcised compared to circumcised men had an odds ratio
of 4.0 ... of having syphilis, an odds ratio of 1.6 ... of having
gonorrhea, and an odds ratio of 0.7 ... of having genital warts; the
association for nongonococcal urethritis, chlamydia and genital herpes
as not significant. Some believe that the risk of having a STD is more
strongly related to sexual practices than to the presence of a
foreskin."
http://www.nocirc.org/position/aafp2002.html
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The following articles for treatment on tissue damage were selected
with the presumption that you are asking about damage to the internal
penile tissue, rather than damage to the external skin of the penis.
If this presumption is incorrect, please let me know, and I will find
you dermatology-related treatments for damage to the external tissue
of the penis.
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"Impotence/Erectile Dysfunction", from the Urology Centers of Alabama
(Birmingham):
"Hormones can sometimes be useful if the hormone levels are low...
Oral pills [that] can help blood flow which improves erections are
available...
Vacuum Erection Devices can be used to help the patient achieve an
erection and a constriction is used to maintain the erection for
sex... [and] to rehabilitate the tissue in the penis.
Penile injections cause an erection when the patient injects
medication into the penis which improves the blood flow to the penis
and opens the arteries in the penis...
Urethral drugs are available and these are medications which are
placed in the end of the urethra using drops or pellets and these
medications also help cause an erection...
Topical medications are now being developed which can be rubbed on the
penis to cause an erection. At this time these medications have not
been extremely successful.
Penile prostheses have been surgically implanted for many years...
This surgical procedure has been very successful, resulting in a
reliable erection and the patient and partner satisfaction rate is
generally quite high.
Arterial repairs which bypass damaged arteries to the penis are
performed occasionally on young patients. This is a rare procedure and
only certain young men are candidates for this surgery since it is
only successful in younger men."
http://www.urologycenters-al.com/ed.htm
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From "Penile Injury" by Dr Geoff Hackett, consultant in sexual
dysfunction:
Treatment for penile fracture:
"pain relief, ice packs (always cover with a cloth before applying to
skin), [structural] support, anti-inflammatory drugs...
This regime has satisfactory results in about 80 per cent of patients
but in the rest, residual pain and deformity may lead to difficulty
with sex. These patients need a urethrogram (a test that shows whether
the urethral tube is intact) to exclude urethral damage. If the
urethra is not damaged, any collection of blood (haematoma) is drained
and repair is carried out to the damaged corpora and tunica."
Treatment for full or partial penile amputation:
"Microsurgery (fine surgery done with the surgeon looking down a
microscope) is necessary to restore any degree of feeling. Compared
with other forms of reconstruction, microsurgery offers the best
chance of having an adequately functioning urethra (tube in the penis
used for urination and ejaculation). Particular care must be taken to
reconnect the veins, especially the deep dorsal vein, to restore
venous drainage and prevent swelling and compromised blood flow after
the operation."
http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/menshealth/facts/penileinjury.htm
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"Peyronie's Disease" by Christopher P. Steidle, MD:
"Peyronie's disease, a condition of uncertain cause, is characterized
by a plaque, or hard lump, that forms on the penis. The plaque
develops on the upper or lower side of the penis in layers containing
erectile tissue. It begins as a localized inflammation and can develop
into a hardened scar...
Peyronie's disease has been treated with some success by surgery. The
two most common surgical methods are removal or expansion of the
plaque followed by placement of a patch of skin or artificial
material, and removal or pinching of tissue from the side of the penis
opposite the plaque, which cancels out the bending effect. The first
method can involve partial loss of erectile function, especially
rigidity. The second method, known as the Nesbit procedure, causes a
shortening of the erect penis."
http://www.seekwellness.com/impotence/peyronie.htm
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Search Strategy
uncircumcised risks partner
://www.google.com/search?q=uncircumcised+risks+partner
treatment for damaged penis tissue
://www.google.com/search?q=treatment+for+damaged+penis+tissue
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If you feel that I have missed the mark on what you were seeking,
please post a Request for Clarification with further explanation of
what you need, and I will do my best to see that you are satisfied
(um... I mean satisfied **with the articles** :-).
Before Rating my Answer, if you have questions about this information,
please post a Request for Clarification, and I will see what I can do
for you.
I hope that this information gives you exactly what you needed!
Best Wishes!
ace
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Clarification posted by rossmon-ga
I must say I feel obligated to simply let this go, since the answer
you have provided fits the criteria well. But the matter is that I
probably did not pose the question correctly, thus you have provided
me with the information that does not interest me. I have a solution
for this, if you will be able to provide the following (relating to
the question above) I will be able to tip you more to make up for the
time and effort you've spent on this question.
The matter is an issue, or incidents where the upper tissue (foreskin)
of the un-circumcised phallus has been ripped(/damaged) during the
sexual intercourse (to notice, no STD nor disfunction was involved).
Be this because the foreskin was too tight, the tissue itself too
thin, lack of lubrication or other, that is the sort of information I
am requesting. I am not sure if this relates to certain sexual
fetishes or even sexual orientation (although we are dealing with
heterosexuality), I am unable to find a link as of now. Also, this is
not a widely discussed phenomenon, but it is quite frequent (as my
sources tell me) for un-circumcised males. Finally, providing that
such case does happen, what are the steps to treating such situations.
Thank you and I assure you that a good answer will be well paid/tipped
for, thus you aren't wasting your time here. Hopefully this
Clarification clears up the misunderstanding I have created and
finally gives me some experience with Google Answers.
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Hi, rossmon!
To clear up any confusion, HPV (human papilloma virus) is the cause of
genital warts; chlamydia is a bacterial infection which does not
produce warts:
From Planned Parenthood's "HPV and Cervical Cancer — Questions &
Answers":
"What is HPV?
HPV stands for human papilloma virus. There are more than 100 types of
HPV. Some produce warts - plantar warts on the feet, common hand
warts, juvenile warts, butcher's warts, and genital warts."
http://www.plannedparenthood.org/sti/HPVfacts1.html
From the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the
National Institutes of Health:
"What is Chlamydial Infection?
Chlamydial ("kla-MID-ee-uhl") infection is a curable sexually
transmitted disease (STD), which is caused by a bacterium called
Chlamydia trachomatis. You can get genital chlamydial infection during
oral, vaginal, or anal sexual contact with an infected partner. It can
cause serious problems in men and women as well as in newborn babies
of infected mothers."
http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/stdclam.htm
As far as your Clarification, I understand it to mean that you are
looking for sources discussing treatments for tearing/ripping of the
skin of the uncircumcised foreskin, and what possible dangers that
tearing/ripping might pose to a partner in intercourse.
After considerable searching, I was able to find these references:
From GPNotebook:
"foreskin (torn):
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A torn frenulum is usually seen in young males following intercourse
or as a result of the foreskin being caught in the zip of trousers.
No treatment is necessary except reassurance and, if appropriate,
advice about intercourse. A catgut stitch should be given if the
frenula artery has been torn and there is bleeding. Recurrence of the
condition may warrant circumcision."
http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/cache/946536471.htm
From Dr. Leonard Condren of IrishHealth.com:
"Torn frenulum?
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Five months ago during intercourse the flesh that links the tip of my
penis to my foreskin ripped. It was bleeding heavily and very painful.
I visited the doctor soon after and he said that it would heal within
4 weeks. He prescribed a cream, which I used for three weeks however
the tissue has not recovered. Will I be able to resume normal sex and
will it rip again? Will this ever heal?
The Doctor says...
The piece of delicate tissue you are referring to is called the
frenulum and it is easily torn during intercourse. Since the tissue
has torn it will not revert to its former appearance. There is no
reason why you should not be able to resume intercourse unless the
area is still very sore. If it is too sore to resume intercourse five
months after the event then you should see your doctor again. I would
have expected the soreness to have disappeared by now. Don’t worry
about the appearance of the torn frenulum. Its appearance is
inconsequential with regard to intercourse."
http://www.irishhealth.com/erectionproblems/question.html?qid=966
From the University of Missouri-Columbia Health Care On Call Online
Men's Health Questions:
"Foreskin torn
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I am uncircumcised. Last night my girlfriend and I were engaged in
foreplay and something she did tore my foreskin and made me bleed.
What should I do?
[Answer] Perhaps she cut you with her fingernails or was wearing a
ring that tore your skin. Keep the area clean and dry and apply
antibacterial cream or ointment if necessary.
http://www.muhealth.org/~oncall/men12.shtml
However, I regret that I was not able to find any references to there
being a risk posed to the partner by the occurrence of this.
I hope that this additional information helps to Answer your Question.
Best Wishes,
ace
