Dear Mark4-ga;
Thank you for allowing me an opportunity to answer what turned out to
be one of the most interesting and challenging questions I've worked
on in a long time.
For starters, lets look at what it says on the INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
DATE TIME NOTATION web site at:
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html . According to this we
are all witnessing the evolution of standard time notation practices
and the rule here appears to be "Out with the old and in with the
new":
"The 24h time notation specified here has already been the de-facto
standard all over the world in written language for decades. The only
exception(s) are a few English speaking countries, where still
notations with hours between 1 and 12 and additions like "a.m." and
"p.m." are in wide use. The common 24h international standard notation
is widely used now even in England (e.g. at airports, cinemas,
bus/train timetables, etc.). Most other languages don't even have
abbreviations like "a.m." and "p.m." and the 12h notation is certainly
hardly ever used on Continental Europe to write or display a time.
Even in the U.S., the military and computer programmers have been
using the 24h notation for a long time...Please consider the 12h time
to be a relic from the dark ages when Roman numerals were used, the
number zero had not yet been invented and analog clocks were the only
known form of displaying a time. Please avoid using it today,
especially in technical applications! Even in the U.S., the widely
respected Chicago Manual of Style now recommends using the
international standard time notation in publications."
And here I found this notation COMPUTER TELEPHONY.COM
http://www.internationalservices.com/telephony/CompTelMag.html
“Over 40 languages use time concepts different from English. Many,
including Japanese, Chinese and Korean, place "AM/PM" before the hour:
" PM 8:00 ". Other countries use the 24 hour clock. Still others use
"20 to 8" instead of "7:40". And lastly, many countries with "AM/PM"
use 5 distinct versions: "in the early morning", "in the morning", "in
the afternoon", "in the evening" and "in the late night".
This comes from the site LYSATOR ACADEMIC COMPUTER SOCIETY
http://www.lysator.liu.se/c/rat/d4.html
“Time formats are also quite diverse:
3:30 PM - Customary U.S. and British format
1530 - U.S. military format
15h.30 - Italian usage
15.30 - German usage
15:30 - Common European usage”
Here is an explanation of how how people commonly verbalize the time
with regard to the 24 hour clock, "15 o'clock" (or 15:00 - 3PM in the
standard time convention) is commonly verbalized as "fifteen hundred
hours". The "15" represents the 15th hour since the previous midnight
and the term "hundred" represents the "00" indicating "no minutes", or
exactly on the hour. One minute after 3PM would be 15:01. This of
course indicates 15 hours and one minute since the previous midnight.
In like manner it is commonly verbalized as "fifteen oh one" and so on
up to "fifteen oh nine". Each subsequent minute from this point is
then commonly verbalized as the appropriate
whole number indicates (example, "fiften ten", "fifteen eleven",
"fifteen twelve" etc).
"A quarter past 20" then, as he suggested (or 8:15PM in the standard
time convention) is commonly verbalized as "twenty, fifteen". While
the time measurement "a quareter past 20" can easily be deciphered, it
is not a verbalized time format anywhere that I am aware of. In fact,
this statement is actually a combination of two time conventions; that
used in standard time and that used in the 24 hour format. The best
way to make a comparision to what is being said here is to say 1 foot
9 centimeters. The 24 hour clock is not actually metirc in nature, but
it is a good way of showing how these two school of thought are not
meant to intermingle.
Here you will find a wide variety of examples of how time is expressed
in different languages and cultures. They can give you a great
overview of how time is verbalized in each language:
HOW TO TELL TIME IN FRENCH
http://french.about.com/cs/beginning1/ht/telltime.htm
HOW TO TELL TIME IN ITALIAN
http://italian.about.com/c/ht/00/07/How_Tell_Time_Italian0962933377.htm?terms=HOW+TO+TELL+TIME
HOW TO TELL TIME IN GERMAN
http://german.about.com/c/ht/00/07/How_Tell_Time_German0962934210.htm?terms=HOW+TO+TELL+TIME
~OR~
http://german.about.com/library/blht_telltime.htm?terms=HOW+TO+TELL+TIME
HOW TO TELL TIME IN SPANISH
http://spanish.about.com/library/beginning/aa-beg-basics-telling_time.htm?terms=HOW+TO+TELL+TIME
HOW TO TELL TIME IN JAPANESE
http://japanese.about.com/bltime.htm?terms=HOW+TO+TELL+TIME
HOW TO TELL TIME IN CANTONESE
http://www.chinawestexchange.com/Cantonese/skillsL4Time.htm
ASIA QUESTION - TELL TIME IN CHINA
http://www.quest.classroom.com/archive/asia1999/start/pg00349.htm
HOW TO ESTIMATE TIME IN HEBREW
http://migs.concordia.ca/memoirs/h_gutman/part1.html
HOW TIME IS TOLD WITH A SUNDIAL
http://www.wsanford.com/~wsanford/exo/sundials/equatorial_sundials.html
HOW TIME IS EXPRESSED IN SIGN LANGUAGE
http://www.ee.cityu.edu.hk/~wsyw/publications/role_speech.pdf
HOW TO TELL TIME IN THE PHILIPPINES (TAGALOG)
http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Tagalog_Homepage99/useful_tagalog_phrases3.htm
HOW TO TELL TIME IN CZECH
http://www.locallingo.com/countries/czech_republic/language/lessons/time.html
HOW TO TELL TIME IN WELSH
http://www.clwbmalucachu.co.uk/cheat/cheat_time.htm
HOW TO TELL TIME IN THAI
http://www.learningthai.com/time.html
HOW TO TELL TIME IN GAELIC
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/7464/Celtic_Lore/gealic_time.htm
HOW TO TELL TIME IN AFRICA (IN LUGANDA)
http://www.buganda.com/ggulama.htm#tmday
In researching your question, I also learned that is some third world
countries and in some primitive societies, time is still told by
estimating the time since dawn or the time until dusk. This is
commonly done by visually measuring the progress of the sun as it
appears to move across the sky or similarly, the moon and stars. In
some primitive societies time is measured simply by gauging hunger and
other physiological symptoms that indicate mealtime, sleep time, etc.
Below you will find that I have carefully defined my search strategy
for you in the event that you need to search for more information. By
following the same type of searches that I did you may be able to
enhance the research I have provided even further. I hope you find
that that my research exceeds your expectations. If you have any
questions about my research please post a clarification request prior
to rating the answer. Otherwise, I welcome your rating and your final
comments and I look forward to working with you again in the near
future. Thank you for bringing your question to us.
Best regards;
Tutuzdad-ga
INFORMATION SOURCES
SUN PRODUCT DOCUMENTATION
http://docs.sun.com/db/doc/806-6642/6jfipqu4f?a=view
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD DATE TIME NOTATION
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html
COMPUTER TELEPHONY.COM
http://www.internationalservices.com/telephony/CompTelMag.html
LOCALIZATION
http://www.lysator.liu.se/c/rat/d4.html
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD DATE TIME NOTATION
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html
COMPUTER TELEPHONY.COM
http://www.internationalservices.com/telephony/CompTelMag.html
HOW TO TELL TIME IN FRENCH
http://french.about.com/cs/beginning1/ht/telltime.htm
HOW TO TELL TIME IN ITALIAN
http://italian.about.com/c/ht/00/07/How_Tell_Time_Italian0962933377.htm?terms=HOW+TO+TELL+TIME
HOW TO TELL TIME IN GERMAN
http://german.about.com/c/ht/00/07/How_Tell_Time_German0962934210.htm?terms=HOW+TO+TELL+TIME
~OR~
http://german.about.com/library/blht_telltime.htm?terms=HOW+TO+TELL+TIME
HOW TO TELL TIME IN SPANISH
http://spanish.about.com/library/beginning/aa-beg-basics-telling_time.htm?terms=HOW+TO+TELL+TIME
HOW TO TELL TIME IN JAPANESE
http://japanese.about.com/bltime.htm?terms=HOW+TO+TELL+TIME
HOW TO TELL TIME IN CANTONESE
http://www.chinawestexchange.com/Cantonese/skillsL4Time.htm
HOW TO TELL TIME IN CHINA
http://www.quest.classroom.com/archive/asia1999/start/pg00349.htm
MIGS
http://migs.concordia.ca/memoirs/h_gutman/part1.html
HOW TIME IS TOLD WITH A SUNDIAL
http://www.wsanford.com/~wsanford/exo/sundials/equatorial_sundials.html
USEFUL TAGALOG PHRASES
http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Tagalog_Homepage99/useful_tagalog_phrases3.htm
CZECH LANGUAGES
http://www.locallingo.com/countries/czech_republic/language/lessons/time.html
CLWB MALU CACHU
http://www.clwbmalucachu.co.uk/cheat/cheat_time.htm
LEARNING THAI.COM
http://www.learningthai.com/time.html
COVEN OF LOTHRIEN
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/7464/Celtic_Lore/gealic_time.htm
LUGANDA GRAMMAR
http://www.buganda.com/ggulama.htm#tmday
SEARCH STRATEGY
SEARCH ENGINE USED:
Google ://www.google.com
SEARCH TERMS USED:
EUROPEAN STYLE CLOCK
EUROPEAN TIME FORMAT
24 HOUR CLOCK
“STANDARD TIME” “24 HOUR CLOCK”
“STANDARD TIME” “24 HOUR TIME”
“24 HOUR TIME CONVENTION”
COUNTRIES “24 HOUR TIME CONVENTION”
COUNTRIES “24 HOUR CONVENTION”
TIME FORMAT DIFFERENCES COUNTRIES
LOCAL TIME FORMAT COUNTRIES
NATIVE TIME FORMAT COUNTRIES
COMMON TIME FORMAT COUNTRIES
“LOCAL CONVENTIONS” TIME CLOCK
“24 HOUR CLOCK” “BY COUNTRY”
“COUNTRIES USE” “24 HOUR CLOCK”
“DATE/TIME FORMATS” COUNTRIES
“DATE/TIME GUIDELINES” COUNTRIES
INTERNATIONAL TIME CONVENTIONS
TIME FORMAT “INTERESTING FACTS”
LOCAL TIME PROTOCOL
INTERNATIONAL TIME PROTOCOL
CONVENTIONAL TIME COUNTRIES
“TELLING TIME” COUNTRIES
“HOW TO TELL TIME” COUNTRIES
“HOW TO TELL TIME” FOREIGN
“HOW TO TELL TIME” LANGUAGES
TIME “IN ANY LANGUAGE”
TIME “IN ANY COUNTRY”
COUNTRIES “TIMEKEEPING” FORMAT
COUNTRIES “REPRESENT TIME AS”
COUNTRIES DISPLAY “TIME OF DAY”
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD “TIME NOTATION”
INTERNATIONAL “TIME NOTATION”
INTERNATIONAL DIGITAL “TIME NOTATION”
INTERNATIONAL DISPLAY “TIME NOTATION”
“TYPOGRAPHICAL RULES” TIME “BY COUNTRY”
INTERNATIONAL TIME STANDARDS
CONVENTIONS FOR EXPRESSING TIME
ISO TIME STANDARDS
12-HOUR VS. 24-HOUR CLOCK
DATE AND TIME FORMATS BY COUNTRY CODE
CUSTOMARY TIME FORMATS
PREVALENCE “24 HOUR CLOCK”
PREVALENCE “24-HR CLOCK”
TIME FORMATS LOCALIZATION
CUSTOMARY APPEARANCE OF TIMES
"USEFUL PHRASES "TELLING TIME" |
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