Can it be argued that, although the author is not the same entity as
the narrator he creates, Poe uses his unnamed narrators as a voice for
himself
and his own psychosis?

No question.  He clearly does.  Check Annabel Lee for a prime example.

Most writers put a lot of themselves into their work. Poe is thought
to have had a fear of premature burial and immurement which he
expressed in such tales as "The Fall of the House of Usher," "The
Tell-Tale Heart," "The Cask of Amontillado," "The Black Cat," and, of
course, "The Premature Burial."