Under Mac OS 10.2, is there any way to turn Network Time
Synchronization on and off from the command line (Terminal)? I am
running a headless Mac OS X server, and the time was reset after a
power outage. Accessing the server directly is very difficult, so
remote administration is necessary.

Hello Gansos,

A script that enables network time services is available at:
  http://cfm.gs.washington.edu/network/ntp/macosx/setup-time-sync.sh
which does the same operations performed by the Date / Time control
panel. I did a quick check on my Mac OS X system and it updates all
the relevant files needed to set this up. This will script make the
change effective at the next system restart.

I found a second resource that provides further information related to
command line set up.
  http://michaelrose.org/marathon/archives/000310.html
One of the files referenced in the script is /etc/hostconfig which
activates services at start up. This indicates you can start (and
stop) services using SystemStarter (without reboot).

That should get your system synchronized. There are a number of other
ntp applications described at
  http://www.ntp.org/
if you need to use the other command line utilities packaged in the
system (for some reason, the man pages are *not* included on my
system).

For further information, use a search such as:
  ntp Mac OSX
  ntp Mac OS X
  hostconfig Mac OSX
Additional sites I reviewed included:
  http://cfm.gs.washington.edu/network/ntp/macosx/
  Specific instructions for Washington University, in your case you
can use something like time.apple.com if you don't have a local time
server.

  http://michaelrose.org/marathon/archives/000310.html
  A more detailed look at what is feasible and refers to general ntp
utilities. It also mentions possible problems with firewall rules.

Let me know if you need further information in a clarification
request.
  --Maniac

I tried your suggestion, and got my clock synchronized within seconds
on the first try. Thanks! I never would have found this script on my
own.