These are the best known examples (at least to me). The Greek Myths by
Robert Graves (2 vols., Penguin) gives a good synopsis of the Hellenic
mythology, if you ignore his commentaries, which are generally
regarded as idiosyncratic.
Males
DIONYSUS
Dionysus, son of Zeus and Semele. Semele was consumed by the lightning
bolt in which Zeus appeared to her. Dionysus was rescued from her
ashes by Hermes and sewn into the thigh of Zeus to continue his
gestation.
Hermes and the Birth of Dionysus
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/mythology/gods_n_goddesses/Mercury/Hermes_Dionysus.html
"When Zeus and Semele first got to know each other, Zeus was disguised
in simple clothes. Zeus'wife, Hera, was angry with both Zeus and
Semele. Hera disguised herself as Semele's nurse and made Semele
curious about her new boyfriend. The next time Zeus visited, Semele
made him promise that the next time he came, he would come to her as
he really was. On his next visit, he came as the god Zeus, and Semele
was consumed to ashes by his brillance. Zeus took Semele's baby,
Dionysus, and nurtured him until he was ready to be born. Once he was
born, Zeus gave Dionysus to Hermes to protect the baby from Zeus'
wife, who was jealous. Hermes put the baby Dionysus in the care of Io,
Semele's sister."
ASCLEPIUS
Asclepius, son of Apollo and Coronis. Coronis was slain by Artemis,
Apollo's sister, after Coronis was unfaithful to the god. Hermes cut
the child from her corpse.
Asclepius, Greek Mythology Link
http://homepage.mac.com/cparada/GML/Asclepius.html
"Asclepius is the god of healing.
His mother dies before he is born
When Asclepius was still in the womb, Apollo killed his mother Coronis
2 for having wedded Ischys;"
HIPPOLYTUS
Hippolytus, son of Theseus and Antiope. Antiope was slain (by Theseus
himself in most versions of the story) while Hippolytus was an infant.
Theseus
http://www.themystica.org/mythical-folk/articles/theseus.html
"During his reign there was the war of the Seven against Thebes and
Theseus' expedition against the Amazons. While fighting the Amazons
Theseus deceitfully abducted one of them, Antiope. In attempt to
regain their sister the Amazons marched on Athens, a decisive battle
occurred near Pnyx where the warrior-women were defeated and signed a
peace pact.
The cause of this war is also recounted as follows: Theseus married
Antiope with her consent, but, after she bore him a son, Hippolytus,
he repudiated her to marry Phaedra, a sister of Ariadne. Then the
Amazons came to demand justice for Antiope, who, however, perished in
the battle."
(Hippolytus figured in the tragedy of Phaedra, Theseus wife, who fell
in love with the teenage boy.)
CHRYSAOR
Chrysaor, son of Poseidon, sprung from the blood of Medusa after she
was decapitated by Perseus.
Medusa - Wikipeida
http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa
Chrysaor - Wikipedia
http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysaor
"In Greek mythology, Chrysaor ("golden falchion") was a giant, the son
of Poseidon and Medusa. He was conceived on the floor of a temple to
Athena who, enraged at the desecration, turned Medusa into a Gorgon.
As such, Chrysaor and his brother, the winged horse, Pegasus, were not
born until Perseus chopped off Medusa's head. They were born from the
drops of blood."
Females
ATHENA
Athena, daughter of Zeus and Metis. Metis, while pregnant, was
devoured whole by Zeus, who then gave birth to Athena through a cleft
in his skull.
Library Book I (Apollodorus)
http://www.classicalmyth.com/apollodorus/library1.html
"Zeus slept with Metis, who changed into many forms in order not to
have sex with him, and when she became pregnant he swallowed her down
quickly, seeing that Ge said that, after having the daughter she was
pregnant with, she would have a son who would become ruler of heaven.
Zeus was afraid of this and swallowed her. When it was time for the
birth, Prometheus (although others say it was Hephaistos) struck Zeus’
head with an ax and Athena, dressed for battle, sprang up out of the
top of his head near the river Triton."
TYRO
Tyro, daughter of Salmoneus and Alcidice. Salmoneus was founder of the
city Salmonia in Elis. Alcidice died in childbirth.
"Tyro, the daughter of Salmoneus and Alcidice, who was raised by
Cretheus (Salmoneus'
brother), fell in love with the river-god Enipeus."
(The death of Alcidice seems to have been inferred. Salmonia,
according to the received story, was utterly destroyed by Zeus as a
punishment for the impiety of Salmoneus, who mocked him.)
"Salmoneus first settled in Thessaly, but he later came to Elis and
founded a city there. He was punished for his impiety because he was
full of hubris and wanted to make himself the equal of Zeus. He said
that he actually was Zeus and, stopping offerings to the god, he
ordered that sacrifice be made to himself. He used to drag dried up
hides and bronze basins behind his chariot and say that he was making
thunder. He used to throw burning torches into the air and say that he
was making lightning. Zeus struck him with a thunderbolt and
obliterated the city he had founded and all of its inhabitants."
Apollodorus, ibid
(In other words, Tyro was sent away before the destruction of the
city, and this would have been done only if her mother were already
dead.)
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