"You'll never meet a man who can't teach you something."

Is this the correct quote and which novel did it come from?

One of the great american literature classics I read in high school
had a quote similar to the one listed above. If I recall correctly, a
father said it to his impressionable young son.

Possibly Nick's father in The Great Gatsby
or from the novel... Winesburg, Ohio
or another novel?

Here's a quote from Booker T. Washington that is similar:

"I said to myself that I would try to learn something from every man I
met; make him my text-book, read him, study him, and learn something
from him."

http://docsouth.unc.edu/washeducation/washing.html

This quote from Galileo also bears a resemblance to your quote:

"I have never met a man so ignorant that I couldn't learn something
from him."

http://www.creativequotations.com/one/591.htm

Neither of these involved a father saying this to his son, however.

How about "I never saw the man that couldn't teach me something," a
quote from "The Poet at the Breakfast Table," by Oliver Wendell
Holmes, Sr.?

http://ibiblio.org/gutenberg/etext01/ptabt11.txt