As I've been doing more research, i have a further question about Jews
in the Qu'ran.  I want to know what themes about breaking vows, pacts,
agreements, to God or to others by the jews is talked about in the
Qu'ran.  Are there themes that can be pulled out?  In specific, I
would like to make sure any references to the biggest breaking of vow,
the worshiping the idols when God was giving the Word to moses, is
included.  Thanks.

I need only references to how the Qu'ran, not current muslim thought,
deals with this issue.

The breaking of vows  "to others by the Jews" is a highly
controversial area bound up in the complex local politics of Medina at
the time of the Prophet.  To explicate it in any understandable way
(not to mention trying to do so objectively given that you have to
draw on sources outside the Koran to try and make sense of the
politics involved) would take far more time than a $10 fee is worth. 
However, I'll give a pointer or two to the theme of breaking sacred
vows.

An very brief account of the suras which discuss the golden calf from
both a critical and muslim point of view is given here:

http://answering-islam.org/Quran/Contra/qi006.html


However, [personal opinion follows]  I think that if you are looking
for information as to the duty of keeping (and breaking) vows to God 
and are using the worship of idols as a benchmark or example, you are
missing the big picture by focusing on what (to a non-muslim) might
appear to be important - the story of the Golden Calf idol.


It is the story of Ibrahim (Abraham) and his struggle against the idol
worshippers that is central to the practice of Islam.  And the Hajj
(pilgrimage)  is the story of Ibrahim writ in physical space and
re-enacted ritually every year.


http://www.islamonline.net/English/hajj/2002/01/literature/article03.shtml

From the revolt in the house of Azar, his father, Ibrahim went on to
challenge the polytheism of his people. Indeed Ibrahim is know as
history's great idol-smasher, as the founder of monotheism and the
crusher of ignorance.
There are numerous verses in the Quran which describe how Ibrahim
argued against idol-worshippers, his rational arguments against
skeptics and those who worshipped celestial bodies, how he deals with
unbelievers, how he preaches to his people