afternoon kids,

I need a reference for this condition of schoolmarm's elbow.  found
nursemaid, milkmaid, babysitter, and supermarket elbow among some
other standard elbow wackiness.  but no schoolmarm.  how does a
schoolmarm get a bum elbow?  hanking on the kids?  elbow on the desk? 
writing at the chalkboard?  could you please find me a reference that
looks legit?

thanks,
granny's waitin'

I gave this a good try, Granny. No joy.

My guess is that the strain of writing on a chalkboard might be a
likely cause of an elbow-related problem that a schoolmarm might
acquire, but that's just me guessing, which isn't exactly a "reference
that looks legit." If you saw me, you'd agree. ;-)

thanks for looking, Our Lady of All Things Pink.  had a go at this
myself and came up empty.  I was hoping someone would have better
luck.

agree it's probably chalkboard related.  'course if granny were the
schoolmarm, it would've developed from reaching in the middle drawer
for her whiskey flask.

you look legit to me ... but there are three of ya. ;-)

love,
your granny

I have not come across the term schoolmarm's elbow, but most of the
other terms (with the exception of milkmaid's elbow) are used to
describe the same thing: radial head subluxation (similar to
dislocation) due to forceful traction on the forearm.  In other words,
giving a kid's arm a good yank dislocates the elbow.  This may be done
by the nursemaid or babysitter, or may occur when the child is trying
to escape and run amok in the supermarket, hence those names.  It also
occurs sometimes when holding the child's hand while walking.  The
child trips and the grown-up pulls on the arm to keep him upright. 
The combined force of the child falling and the parent pulling the
opposite way has the same effect.  Also sometimes called temper
tantrum elbow, and you can probably imagine how that occurs.  The
child with this condition will hold the arm at the side, slightly
flexed and will tend to resist any attempt to move the elbow.  It can
be reduced with a simple technique, after which the child will start
moving it freely and without apparent pain, though it is subject to
recurrence for awhile until things have had a chance to heal.
Although this is speculation on my part, I can picture the old
fashioned schoolmarm pulling a misbehaving kid by the arm and having a
similar effect.  I just haven't seen the term used before.  This info
comes from my knowledge as a pediatrician, who has also had a son with
this condition, though in his case maybe it should have been called
daycare elbow.

thanks for the enlightenment, ac67.   I had it in my head these were
repetitive injuries rather than traumatic injuries ... in being how
one used their elbow occupationally or recreationally.   supermarket
elbow, I thought, was something grocery clerks got from too much price
scanning.  gee, that's confusing.  should be the mommy-mommy-buy-me
syndrome or that temper tantrum syndrome would work, too. 
_supermarket_  elbow seems somewhat of a misnomer (dysnomer?).  {sigh}
oh well.

here's a blurb about milkmaid (milk maiden) elbow as it pertains to
archery:
"The combination of less well-developed muscles and smaller upper body
build in general can give women a form problem most men do not have,
called “milk maiden elbow” by archery instructor Skip Meisenheimer. In
her 30 years as an instructor she has seen many women rotate their
elbow inward to augment their strength. She dubs it milkmaid elbow
because a woman will turn her elbow into her body for leverage as if
struggling with a heavy bucket."
http://www.dto.com/women/article.jsp?articleid=597 

hope they call _that_ one archery rather than archer syndrome;
otherwise, we might be hunting down the illusive Dr. Archer.  ditto
with bowman.  ad hoc usage is a dilemma when you have scant patient
history to go on.   this will go in my 'unable to document' book right
under treating sialoadenitis with Warheads. ;-)

thanks for taking the time to correspond.   I'll keep the question
open the full 30 in case someone finds a document where 'schoolmarm
elbow' is actually used.  if you haven't heard it used, it may not
_formally_ exist, but these researchers have been known to pull both
rabbits, and elbows, out of their hats and/or sockets.  we shall see. 
thanks for playing.

Well granny,

No schoolmarm elbows, I'm afraid.  However, I found a discussion of
conditions that can affect teachers, which included the information
that the various "xxx's elbow" are a due to two different conditions:
"Strain injuries of the muscle and tissues in the area of the elbow
joint are known as epicondylitis. This is also commonly referred to as
"tennis elbow" (lateral epicondylitis) or "golfer’s elbow" (medial
epicondylitis)."
...
Common causes of epicondylitis include: repeated strain of the forearm
(hammering, laying bricks); bending of the wrist against a resisting
force (twisting a screwdriver or carrying a heavy load with arms
extended); lifting objects with hand held downward and the forefinger
in a grasping position.
...
Miner’s elbow, weaver’s elbow, housemaid’s knee, hod-carrier’s
shoulders, dustman’s shoulders, and miner’s beat hand, are common
names for bursitis. It is an inflammation of the bursa, a fluid-filled
fibrous sac often found in areas subject to friction, for example
around joints or where a tendon passes over a bone. Excessive,
prolonged, and repeated pressures or jolts to joints can lead to
bursitis, with symptoms of severe pain and restricted movements."
From: Section Six: "Occupational Injuries and Diseases" of the
Occupational
Health & Safety Manual of the British Columbia Teachers' Federation
http://www.bctf.bc.ca/Education/health/OHandS-Manual/Section6.html

And I found this:
"In 1999–2000, 51% of all manual handling injuries were sustained by
workers in the nine black spots occupations: trades assistants,
nursing occupations, metal tradespersons, road transport drivers,
cleaners, agricultural labourers, machine operators, school teachers
and sales assistants. The nursing occupations recorded the highest
number of manual handling injuries (19%), followed by machine
operators (15%), and metal tradespersons (14%). School teachers
recorded the lowest number of manual handling injuries (4%)."
The report listed epicondylitis as one of the conditons coming under
the definition of manual handling injuries.
MANUAL HANDLING INJURIES TASMANIA 1999–2000
http://www.workcover.tas.gov.au/attach/wrcmanhandli.pdf

Glad to be of help.  In regards to using warheads for sialoadenitis,
check this site:http://www.ecureme.com/emyhealth/data/Sialoadenitis.asp.
 It refers to using lemon drops for sialoadenitis.  Lemon drops and
other candies such as warheads (the sour kind, not the hot kind)are
what is know as sialogogues, meaning they increase saliva production. 
Lemon drops are commonly recommended for helping with sialolithiasis,
which is a "stone" blocking the salivary gland (usually dried,
hardened saliva).  Increased saliva may build up enough pressure to
force it out.  Otherwise, bacteria can multiply behind the blockage,
leading to infection known as sialoadenitis.  If the patient has
infection due to a blockage, then lemon drops would help by opening up
the gland to allow the infection to drain.  Antibiotics would still
usually be used though.

kindest tehuti:  that's probably as close as we'll get, plus you found
me all those other possible syndrome names.  yea!   I'm copying them
down.  you can go ahead and post an answer or we can await late
returns.

hello ac67:  yep, I knew about the lemon/sour candy but not being a
consummate scrutineer of the hard candy aisle, I was totally
unfamiliar with Warheads and the correct spelling (War Heads?
WarHeads?); we're very anal like that, so  thank goodness for the
internet.  looks like they even make a Warhead spray now: 
http://www.warheads.com   I'm salivating as we speak.  ;-)

thanks, again, you two!

Who knows, someone might just come in with the magic info, so hang in
there, granny.

Of course, giving unruly children a good caning is no longer
politically correct, so that removes one cause of possible elbow
strain in the classroom  ;)

Perhaps the problem is you've been looking for schoolmarm instead of
schoolmaster.

"The diagnoses of the cases included soft tissue conditions affecting
the shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, thumb, hand, and fingers. "

"Among male cases, electricians were significantly overrepresented (5%
level). Jobs for which there was a suggestion (p < 0.1) of
overrepresentation among cases included butchers and teacher/lecturers
(both males only) "


-----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7900737&dopt=Abstract

Am J Ind Med. 1995 Jan;27(1):75-90. 		

Relations between upper limb soft tissue disorders and repetitive
movements at work.

English CJ, Maclaren WM, Court-Brown C, Hughes SP, Porter RW, Wallace
WA, Graves RJ, Pethick AJ, Soutar CA.

Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

To make a preliminary assessment of whether upper limb soft tissue
disorders might be associated with activities at work, we have
conducted a case-control study of subjects attending orthopedic
clinics in three cities.
. . . 
Publication Types: 
Multicenter Study

PMID: 7900737 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

thanks so much, amalik.  granny was indeed being sexistly remiss in
not investigating the masculine counterpart.  your reference is most
appreciated.

yesindeedie, Mistress Tahooters, the injury could've manifested from
overcaning in the olden days.  we all know how wild and fond of
spankings those Brits were.

cheers to all and thanks for your helpfulness!
GB (a Brit at heart)