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Q: Granger causality test ( Answered,   1 Comment )
Question  
Subject: Granger causality test
Category: Science > Math
Asked by: causality-ga
List Price: $5.00
Posted: 16 Jun 2002 16:03 PDT
Expires: 23 Jun 2002 16:03 PDT
Question ID: 27621
I'm looking for a step-by-step explanation on how to perform a Granger
causality test using SPSS, Mathematica, Java or Perl.

Clarification of Question by causality-ga on 16 Jun 2002 16:09 PDT
This page contains some general Granger-information and a Granger
causality test for SAS:

http://www.sas.com/rnd/app/examples/ets/granger/

If you're familiar with SAS then it's probably quite easy to port it
to Mathematica. Help me do it! :-)
Answer  
Subject: Re: Granger causality test
Answered By: jeremymiles-ga on 17 Jun 2002 10:19 PDT
 
Hello,
You need to understand 2 things to answer this:
First, you need to know what the Granger test is.  Second, you need to
know about the LAG function in SPSS.
If you don't know how the Granger test works, request clarification,
and I will tell you.  (I have consulted Gujaratim D.N., 1995, Basic
Econometrics, 3rd Ed. McGraw Hill, p620, to find out how to do the
test.)
The tricky part in SPSS is knowing about the LAG function.  The lag of
a variable is the score on the previous case in the dataset in SPSS,
so:

 X   lag(X)
 3     6
 6     7
 7     2
 2   [missing]

When you know this, the Granger test is straightforward.  

If that's not enough, request clarification, and I will add more.

Hope that helps,

jeremymiles-ga

Clarification of Answer by jeremymiles-ga on 17 Jun 2002 11:18 PDT
After writing it, I realised you probably needed more than that, so
here goes.

I will explain this in SPSS.  Not everything can be done
automatically, so you have to do a bit of work yourself.  (That's the
price you pay for using SPSS, not SAS.)

Say your two variables that you want to test the direction of
causality are called A and B.
Create a variable which is the lag of A (let's call it LAG_A) and
another which is the lag of B (let's call it LAG_B.
In SPSS syntax:

Compute lag_A = lag(A).
Compute lag_B = lag(A).

Now run a regression analysis, where A is the DV, and lag_A is the IV.
 This is the unrestricted resgression.  Look at the residual sum of
squares from this analysis, and call this RSS_r.

Now run another regression analysis, where A is the DV, and lag_A and
lag_B are the IVs - this is the unrestricted analysis.  Look at the
residual sum of squares from this analysis, and call it RSS_ur.

Now, you need to calculate F:

F=((RSS_r-RSS_ur)/m)/(RSS_ur/(n-k))

Where m is the number of lagged terms - currently 1, but we will come
back to that.  n is the number of cases in the analysis (careful,
because you have lost one, because of the lag), and k is the number of
parameters in the unrestricted regression (i.e. 2 in this case.)

This F is distributed with m, n-k df. 

You can include more lagged terms - lag_2a = lag(lag(A)), for example.
 hence m will increase.  Always include both the A and B lagged terms
in the equation.
You can also include other covariates - include them in both analyses.
When you have done that, do it all again backwards.
If one is significant, you have unidirectional causality.  If both
are, you have bidirectional causality (or feedback), if neither are,
you have independence.

I hope all that makes sense - if not request clarification.

It could be done in Jave or Perl, but you would need to either write,
or find, the algorithms to do the appropriate matrix algebra - and
that might be another question.  You would also need to know the
algebra to do, and that's probably another question yet.

jeremymiles-ga
Comments  
Subject: Re: Granger causality test
From: helena1-ga on 16 Jun 2002 19:07 PDT
 
I’m assumin’ that you’ve run through the folling sites…..seeing as I
have no clue for what you’re searchin’.

http://www.sas.com/rnd/app/examples/ets/granger/sas.htm

http://www.vision.net.au/~daly/granger.htm

http://www.tamu.edu/perc/0003.pdf

http://economics.rutgers.edu/gradprogram/Vita/RadckDiss.pdf

http://www.econ.keio.ac.jp/staff/seko/AsRES/vol_1.htm


If not, here’s a standard google search with most of the terms that
you entered.  I would assume that at least some of the former or
latter make a wee bit of sense to you?


://www.google.com/search?as_q=&num=10&hl=en&ie=UTF8&oe=UTF8&btnG=Google+Search&as_epq=granger+causality+test&as_oq=SPSS%2C+Mathematica%2C+Java+or+Perl.+&as_eq=&lr=&as_ft=i&as_filetype=&as_qdr=all&as_occt=any&as_dt=i&as_sitesearch=&safe=images

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