Hello again Vicaugusto,
I was able to find a list of Polkinghorne's varieties of interaction,
though I doubt I can find a more elaborate explanation of each of
them. I hope what I've provided here will do. In addition, I found the
typologies (ways of classifying the interactions) of other
scientists/theologians, like Ian Barbour, Arthur Peacocke and Ted
Peters.
I'll first prepare a list of each person's theories that I found
before going to the webpages I found themselves:
Ian Barbour - Conflict, Independence, Dialogue (Polkinghorne's
Consonance), or Integration (Polkinghorne's Assimilation)
John Polkinghorne - Science and theology are partners, Conflict:
scientism, Conflict: literalism, Independence, Dialogue, Integration,
Consonance, Assimilation
John Haught - conflict, contrast, contact, and confirmation
Arthur Peacocke - eight-fold typology (does not have names for each type)
Ted Peters - scientism, scientific imperialism, ecclesiastical
authoritarianism, scientific creationism, the two-language theory,
hypothetical consonance, ethical overlap, New Age spirituality
Polkinghorne:
Polkinghorne (1998) Outline prepared by Charles A. Finnell
from Polkinghorne, J[ohn]. (1998). Science and Theology: An
Introduction. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press. ISBN: 0-8006-3153-6.
http://finnell.org/Polkinghorne_1998.html
- Quoted text from page:
"Varieties of Interaction (p. 20)
1. Science and theology are partners in the great human quest to
understand reality (p. 20)
2. Conflict: scientism (discards theology) (p. 20)
3. Conflict: literalism (discards science) (pp. 20-21)
4. Independence: separate realms of inquiry (p. 21)
5. Dialogue: partial overlaps merit discussion (p. 21)
6. Integration: unified single discourse (p. 21)
7. Consonance: autonomous but reconcilable (p. 22)
8. Assimilation: maximum conceptual merging (p. 22)"
God, Humanity and the Cosmos Topic: Consonances Between Science and Religion
http://www.meta-library.net/ghc-outl/conso-body.html
- Consonance: "What consonance often seems to mean in practice is that
theology is asked to redraw its map in order to fit its coastlines to
new scientific understandings."
- I thought this would explain Consonance in Polkinghorne's theories.
Barbour's Typology:
http://www.counterbalance.net/ghc-outl/barbo-body.html
- Please go to the page to see the explanation on the types.
Ways of relating questions
http://puffin.creighton.edu/Austerberry/SRP%20420/Ways%20of%20Relating%20questions
"Identify each of the following, according to Barbour's four ways of
relating science and theology, as either Conflict, Independence,
Dialogue (Polkinghorne's Consonance), or Integration (Polkinghorne's
Assimilation)."
Science and Religion
Table Talk Introduction, 1998/12/06 at
Christ the King Evangelical Lutheran Church, Houston, TX
Daniel Johnson
http://home.houston.rr.com/persjohn/sandrxk1.htm
- This website expains Barbour's typology.
Arthur Peacocke Typology:
Yahoo! Groups : LDG-NET Messages : Message 1539 of 5397:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/LDG-NET/message/1539?source=1
- Yahoo Groups message posting
- Quoted Content:
"Arthur Peacocke may have constructed more than one list of the ways
science and religion interact, but the one I like was in the preface
of a book he edited, entitled "Science and Theology in the Twentieth
Century" (U. of Notre Dame Press, 1981). There he suggests EIGHT ways
the two interact, as follows:
1. They are concerned with two distinct realms.
2. They are interacting approaches to the same reality.
3. They are two distinct non-interacting approaches to the same reality.
4. They constitute two distinct language-systems.
5. They are generated by quite different ATTTITUDES in their
practitioners -- science that of objectivity and logical neutrality,
theology that of personal involvement and commitment.
6. They are both subservient to their objects and can only be defined
in relation to them.
7. They may be integrated.
8. Science generates a metaphysics in terms of which theology is then formulated."
God, Humanity and the Cosmos Topic: Ted Peters? Typology
http://www.counterbalance.net/ghc-outl/peter-body.html
- Quoted content:
"His categories are:
- scientism - religion is outdated, science tells us all we need to know;
- scientific imperialism - science can give us good information
even about what were formerly religious questions (as in for example
Frank Tipler?s ?physical eschatology? - see the strong anthropic
principle);
- ecclesiastical authoritarianism - the Church should have
authority over science (effectively the Roman Catholic Church claimed
this until the Second Vatican Council in the early 1960s);
- scientific creationism - geological and biological data attest
to biblical truth. Peters points out that creationists are usually
seen as anti-science, but scientific creationists see themselves as
within science;
- the two-language theory - ?peace through separation? - the two
disciplines speak in their own discourse and shared understanding is
impossible;
- hypothetical consonance - the two disciplines do raise questions
of concern to the other, and should be open to subjecting their
assertions to further investigation;
- ethical overlap - theology has a vital role in speaking to
questions of value raised by science and technology, especially in
respect of the ecological crisis;
- New Age spirituality - a term covering certain recent attempts
to fuse science and spirituality.
God, Humanity and the Cosmos Topic: Drees? Typology
http://www.meta-library.net/ghc-outl/drees-body.html
- Pretty hard to quote here, so please go to the page.
Other views:
Science and Spirituality: Is Harmony Possible
Week 2: Are Science and Religion at War?
February 5, 1999, Loren and Deborah Haarsma
http://www.calvin.edu/~lhaarsma/week2.html
- Quoted content:
"Models of the way science and religion interact:
1) Warfare: Religion and science, by their definition and their
methods, are in continual conflict.
Example: "The antagonism we thus witness between Religion and Science
is the continuation of a struggle that commenced when Christianity
began to attain political power. A divine revelation must necessarily
be intolerant of contradiction; it must repudiate all improvement in
itself, and view with disdain that arising from the progressive
intellectual development of man."
-- John William Draper, History of the conflict between Religion and Science
2) Complementarity: Science and religion cannot conflict, and indeed
cannot interact, because they speak to fundamentally different
realities: science to the physical world and religion to the spiritual
world. They have nothing to say to each other.
Example: "... There is no fundamental conflict between being a person
who believes in the value of the scientific method and being a person
of faith. They simply operate in different spheres of your life.
Science is intended to explore the natural; faith explores the
supernatural."
-- Francis S. Collins, in remarks at a commencement address at the
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
3) Interaction: Science is mostly about the physical world, but those
data can significantly impact our philosophy. Religion is mostly about
the spiritual world, but makes some claims about the physical world.
The two can speak to one another.
Example: "Science can purify religion from error and superstition;
religion can purify science from idolatry and false absolutes. Each
can draw the other into a wider world, a world in which both can
flourish."
-- Pope John Paul II, John Paul II on Science and Religion"
Other pages:
DISF - Interdisciplinary Encyclopaedia of Religion and Science |
DIALOGUE,SCIENCE AND THEOLOGY
http://www.disf.org/en/Voci/51.asp
- This website lists most of the basic typologies about relating
science and religion.
Russell Survey Topic: A. Typologies (?Ways of Relating Science and Religion?)
http://www.counterbalance.net/rjr/atypo-body.html
- Also my source for John Haught's typology, which isn't explained.
Religion in an Age of Science - John C. Polkinghorne
http://www.starcourse.org/jcp/religion.html
Google Search terms used:
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barbour four ways
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peacocke eight typology
john haught
polkinghorne consonance assimilation
polkinghorne varieties interaction
I hope this has been a most helpful answer. If you need anything else,
or have a problem with the answer, do please post a Request for
Clarification before rating and I shall respond as soon as I can.
Thank you. |
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