<Biogas generators.
The oil crisis of the late 1970's prompted many countries to
investigate the potential of biogas generation as an alternative
source of energy.
http://www.antenna.nl/wise/427-8/sharma.html
History
This site gives the history from the 10th century BC that suggests
that biogas was used in Assyria for heating bath water.
http://www.ees.adelaide.edu.au/pharris/biogas/History.html
1776 ? Italian physicist Volta (1745 ? 1827) discovered Methane. On 3
November 1776, on Lake Maggiore, Volta poked the muddy bottom of the
water with a stick and saw lots of gas bubbles. He collected some of
the gas and found it was inflammable. He called the gas inflammable
air from marshlands.
http://chem.ch.huji.ac.il/~eugeniik/history/volta.htm#gases
History of biogas technology.
The history from 1770 ? 1997 is described here.
http://www5.gtz.de/gate/techinfo/biogas/basics/history.html#ASIAN
1800?s Gas lights in the U.K used sewer gas with equipment
manufactured by the Sanitary Supply Company of London & Birmingham.
http://www.re-energy.ca/t_biomassenergy.shtml
http://www.barrywales.co.uk/tomclemett/walkbd2.asp
1895 ? used for street lights in Exeter.
http://www.ees.adelaide.edu.au/pharris/biogas/History.html
1906 ? First anaerobic wastewater- treatment plant in Germany.
http://www.valt.helsinki.fi/projects/enviro/articles/Seeger.pdf
1999 ? fuel cell installed to generate energy from biogas. Methane
generated from sewage treatment is used. The project was the first of
its kind in Western U.S.
http://www.jxj.com/magsandj/cospp/news/2003_05_05.html
2002 - Biogas fuel cell research
http://www.jxj.com/magsandj/rew/2001_06/renewable_fuel_cell.html
2002 ? The Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and
Biotechnology speeds up the process of obtaining biogas from 20/30
days to 5 days.
http://www.edie.net/gf.cfm?L=left_frame.html&R=http://www.edie.net/news/Archive/5936.cfm
History of biogas
http://www.biogasworks.com/Index/AD%20Short%20History.htm
--------------------------------------------
Around the world.
Denmark.
In response the oil crisis in the 1970?s, the first farm plants were
built in Denmark in 1975.
http://www.biogasbranchen.dk/view.asp?ID=1132
Thailand?s biogas history.
Thailand was introduced to biogas technology in the 1950?s by Kasetart
University. By 1988 about 5,500 biogas plants were constructed.
However technical problems meant that 60% of the plants were
inoperable. There are plans to encourage the building of 70,000 m3 of
biogas generators. 20,000m3 are planned to be small systems and
50,000m3 large systems on animal farms.
http://www.chmai.loxinfo.co.th/~bau/history.html
UK
Biogas has been used at sewage treatment plants since the 19th century
for on-site heat and power requirements. It has also been used to
treat agricultural waste. It is being developed for municipal solid
wastes and industrial waste.
http://www.wasteguide.org.uk/waste/mn_wmo_biotreatment_anaerobic.stm
Fiji
http://www.fdoe.gov.fj/circle_2.htm
India
Over 2.5 million biogas plants have been built in India. They were
experimentally introduced in the 1930?s. Research was carried out at
the Sewage Purification at Dadar in Bombay, undertaken by S.V. Desai
and N.V. Joshi of the Soil Chemistry Division, Indian Agriculture
Research Institute, New Delhi.
Over the next twenty years, Jashbhai Patel designed and made several
small-scale biogas digesters for farm use. In 1961, the Khadi and
Village Industry Commission chose to promote Patel's design, which,
although more costly than other models, was more productive, had a
longer life, and required minimal maintenance (KVIC, 1993). By the
early 1980?s about 80,000 of these were built. This site shows
diagrams of the generators.
The Planning Research and Action Division (PRAD) based in Uttar
Pradesh, northern India developed the 'Janata' fixed-dome plant which
was inspired by a system used in China. Many more designs have since
been developed.
http://www.ganesha.co.uk/Articles/Biogas%20Technology%20in%20India.htm
http://www.ecouncil.ac.cr/rio/focus/report/english/inforse.htm
http://www.watershowcase.org/new/textonly/project_showcase_id.asp?projectID=38
Germany
In the mid-eighties farm scale biogas plants were built in West
Germany and large scale plants in East Germany. By 2001 there were
1,600 biogas plants in Germany. This report shows diagrams for large
scale generators.
http://www.kriegfischer.de/texte/planning%20and%20construction%20of.pdf
http://62.27.58.13/en/p0091/p0094/pdf/VIII_P9_e.pdf
Finland
Finland has 19 large scale biogas plants.
http://www.nf-2000.org/secure/Other/S919.htm
Philippines
http://www.aseanenergy.org/pressea/philippines/countryprofile/renewable_energy_sources.htm
-----------------------------------------------
How to build
Build your own Biogas generator ? instructions for a working model.
http://www.re-energy.ca/pdf/cp3.pdf
Diagrams
http://www.lior-int.com/biogas/biogas1.htm
Planning a biogas plant.
http://www5.gtz.de/gate/techinfo/biogas/appldev/appldev.html
Balloon plants, fixed-dome plants, floating-dome plants.
http://www5.gtz.de/gate/techinfo/biogas/basics/physappe.html#BALLON
Design ? an overview of the types of plant.
http://www5.gtz.de/gate/techinfo/biogas/appldev/appldev.html#DESIGN
Fixed dome plants and floating dome plants.
Instructions for building with diagrams and photographs.
http://www5.gtz.de/gate/techinfo/biogas/appldev/design/digestypes.html#FIXDOME
Construction details.
Here details of different parts of the generator are explained. Each
section discusses the best materials to use in construction.
http://www5.gtz.de/gate/techinfo/biogas/appldev/construct/construct.html
-------------------------------------------
How to build a polyethylene biogas plant.
http://www.ias.unu.edu/proceedings/icibs/ibs/info/ecuador/install-polydig.htm
Farm scale digestors.
http://www.ktbl.de/umwelt/recht/chile/gronauer.pdf
Industrial scale plant.
This site includes diagrams and photographs of a plant in Germany.
http://62.27.58.13/en/p0091/p0094/pdf/VIII_P9_e.pdf>
<Additional links:>
<This site describes the basic principles of biogas.>
<http://www.re-energy.ca/t-i_biomassenergy.shtml>
<Search strategy:>
<"biogas plant" "industrial scale">
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<biogas history>
<://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&ie=ISO-8859-1&q=biogas+history>
<germany biogas>
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<Hope this helps.> |
