Dear Sauron,
The "Jukes" and "Kallikas" appeared in fact in several studies, that
dealt with the question of environment vs. genetics in deviant
behavior.
Published in 1875 as "The Jukes": A Study in Crime, Pauperism,
Disease, and Heredity", the study about the Juke family was the first
one:
"In the late 19th century, sociologist Richard Dugdale, published The
Jukes: A Study in Crime, Pauperism, Disease and Heredity. Dugdale
investigated the hereditary line of a family he called the Jukes in
upstate New York. Hundreds of descendents of the Juke family (a
pseudonym) were traced through successive generations that went as far
back as Colonial times.
Dugdale managed to study 709 persons with the Juke name. Those that
married into the family and thereby not considered of pure Juke
lineage totaled 169. Dugdale once estimated that if he were able to
track every single member of the Juke family, the total would have
exceeded 1,200 people. But of the 709 he was able to study, 180 had
been in the ?poorhouse? or received public assistance. Dugdale found
140 criminals or offenders. There were 60 ?thieves,? 7 murder victims,
50 prostitutes and 40 women who had contracted sexually transmitted
diseases. Dugdale was able to estimate that the Jukes had cost the
State of New York almost $1.4 million dollars to house,
institutionalize and treat the family of deviants.
A follow-up study conducted in 1915 by Arthur H. Estabrook encompassed
2,820 Jukes and found similar depressing results, only on a larger
scale. ?Children grew up in an atmosphere of poverty, crime and
licentiousness. The girls and young women of these families were very
comely in appearance and loose in morals,? wrote Estabrook. These
women attracted non-Juke men from nearby towns and produced offspring
that were descended from ?respectable? families. ?In this way,? wrote
Estabrook, ?syphilis has been spread from these harlots to the good
and virtuous wives in the nearby community.?
(SOURCE: Mark Gado, Bad to the Bone, Court TV's Crime Library, Ch. 4,
<http://www.crimelibrary.com/criminal_mind/psychology/crime_motivation/1.html>).
The second research you refer to is Henry Goddard's "The Kallikaks"
(or, as published in 1912: Goddard, Henry H. The Kallikak Family: A
Study in the Heredity of Feeble- Mindedness, 1912).
This study followed the Kallikak family, to examine the question of
deviant behavior as hereditary.
A good summary of Goddard's ideas and of this particular study could
be found in : "Goddard's Kallikaks: Abridged and annotated by D.
Likely, University of New Brunswick"
<http://www.unbf.ca/psychology/likely/readings/kallikaks.htm>.
The annotated version is available from the same source:
<http://www.unbf.ca/psychology/likely/readings/kallikaks_contents.htm>.
A full version is available at Christopher D. Green's "Classics in the
History of Psychology" page (York University, Toronto, Ontario
project):
<http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Goddard/>
There is much more information online - shall you search under Eugenics.
I hope this answered your question. My search terms might serve you as well:
Kallikaks jukes
kallikaks jukes goddard
Please contact me if you need any further clarifications on this
answer before you rate it. |
