Hello retired96-ga,
There have been many articles written about the question of tax-based
financing of sports arenas in the past few years. I?ve located several
policy papers, a book, and many articles to help you with your
research. They seem to agree with your conclusion that these tax
arrangements are detrimental to the communities sponsoring new
stadiums and don?t create new jobs.
Best wishes for your project.
~ czh ~
http://www.stls.frb.org/publications/re/2001/b/pages/lead-article.html
Should Cities Pay for Sports Facilities?
Still, cities are driven by the idea that playing host to professional
sports teams builds civic pride and increases local tax receipts from
the team-related sales and salaries. When it comes to salaries,
however, economist Mark Rosentraub noted in a 1997 article that there
is no U.S. county where professional sports accounts for more than 1
percent of the county's private-sector payroll.
***** This is a fairly long article that includes comprehensive
endnotes and references to back up its conclusions.
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http://www.brook.edu/dybdocroot/savingsforthepoor/sports.htm
Sports, Jobs, and Taxes: The Economic Impact of Sports Teams and Stadiums
Roger G. Noll and Andrew Zimbalist, Editors
But are these claims true? To assess the case for subsidies, this book
examines the economic impact of new stadiums and the presence of a
sports franchise on the local economy. It first explores such general
issues as the appropriate method for measuring economic benefits and
costs, the source of the bargaining power of teams in obtaining
subsidies from local government, the local politics of attracting and
retaining teams, the relationship between sports and local employment,
and the importance of stadium design in influencing the economic
impact of a facility.
***** This is a 525 page book. You can download all of it online or
buy it in printed form.
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http://www.heartland.org/pdf/madness.pdf
http://www.heartland.org/Article.cfm?artId=9474
Sports Stadium Madness ? Why It Started. How to Stop It.
Heartland Policy Study No. 85
Written By: Joseph L. Bast
Published In: Policy Studies
Publication Date: February 1, 1998
Publisher: The Heartland Institute
Taxpayer subsidies to professional sports teams amount to some $500
million a year. The decision to subsidize a team is driven by
competition among cities for a limited number of teams, league
policies that reward relocation, and lobbying by special interest
groups. The solution is for fans and taxpayers to campaign for
nonprofit ownership of teams, a model pioneered by the NFL Green Bay
Packers in 1923.
***** This is a 49-page white paper that is fully referenced and annotated.
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http://www.cato.org//pubs/pas/pa339.pdf
Sports Pork: The Costly Relationship between Major League Sports and Government
Cato Policy Analysis No. 339
April 5, 1999
by Raymond J. Keating
During the 20th century, more than $20 billion has been spent on major
league ballparks, stadiums, and arenas. This includes a minimum of
$14.7 billion in government subsidies that has gone to the four major
league sports ?Major League Baseball, the National Football League,
the National Basketball Association, and the National Hockey League
?including more than $5.2 billion just since 1989.
Indeed, the results of studies on changes in the economy resulting
from the presence of stadiums, arenas, and sports teams show no
positive economic impact from professional sports ?or a possible
negative effect.
***** This is a 30-page policy paper.
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http://kevin.oreilly.net/journalism/stadiumscam.htm
The sports stadium scam: What is seen and what is not seen
July 23, 2002
The real story is that taxpayer-financed sports facilities are a boon
to owners and players, the news media and especially politicians, but
average taxpayers ? particularly those too poor to afford to attend
sporting events regularly and those who don't follow sports to begin
with ? wind up on the losing end.4
The truth is, Hunter says, that "government spending does not ripple
through the local economy, and does not swell private incomes." Why?
Because of the opportunity cost of the consumption and production
"forgone by citizens who must pay taxes to support public spending."16
Indeed, there is a deadweight loss from taxation that also goes
uncounted by most economic impact studies. According to Noll and
Zimbalist, "the social cost of taxation exceeds tax collections by
about 25 percent."17 This means that the true cost of, say, a $200
million sports facility would actually be $250 million.
***** This is a long article with fully annotated references to sources.
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&node=&contentId=A54321-2003Jul27¬Found=true
Stadiums Are Built On Federal Tax Break
By Peter Whoriskey
Washington Post Staff Writer
Monday, July 28, 2003; Page A01
The recent wave of sports stadium and arena construction is costing
the U.S. Treasury more than $100 million annually because the projects
have been financed with tax-exempt bonds, a federally supported method
of borrowing money more often used to build roads, schools and other
public projects.
-------------------------------------------------
http://www.cato.org/dispatch/07-28-03d.html
Tax Breaks for New Stadiums Cost Treasury $100 Million a Year
"A major league sports team creates few new jobs in a city; the
vaunted `multiplier effect' that says $1 spent on a sports arena
circulates in an economy to create $8 or $9 in new spending is little
more than sophistry. . . . The beauty of personal seat licenses is
that it magnifies the futility of such government spending; with this
alternative revenue source, government stadium subsidies become
nothing more than transfers from taxpayers to team owners and season
ticket holders."
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http://www.oldcity.org/stadium2.htm
Sports Stadiums and other Entertainment Investments Are Good Business
for Cities and States
Rick Harrow, president of Harrow Sports Ventures, is a facility
consultant to the National Football League who is working on projects
in Detroit, Cincinnati, and San Francisco. He worked on both Camden
Yards in Baltimore and Jacobs Field in Cleveland. This statement was
provided to the Committee on the Judiciary of the U.S. Senate
concerning Sen. Arlen Specter's proposed legislation limiting the
amount of public participation in such ventures and requiring sports
leagues to use national television revenues to create a fund for new
facilities.
***** This is a contrary position on this issue.
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http://www.leagueoffans.org/index.html
Founded by Ralph Nader, League of Fans is a sports reform project
working to improve sports by increasing awareness of the sports
industry's relationship to society, exposing irresponsible business
practices, ensuring accountability to fans, and encouraging the
industry to contribute to societal well-being.
League of Fans
***** This site offers several articles about tax financing of sports
stadiums and the impact on the local economy.
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http://www.ncpa.org/pd/state/state5.html
National Center for Policy Analysis
State And Local Spending
The National Center of Policy Analysis (NCPA) is a nonprofit,
nonpartisan public policy research organization, established in 1983.
The NCPA's goal is to develop and promote private alternatives to
government regulation and control, solving problems by relying on the
strength of the competitive, entrepreneurial private sector.
***** Use the search capability to identify papers on the subject of
taxpayer subsidies for professional sports.
-------------------------------------------------
http://research.umbc.edu/~coates/research.htm
Dennis Coates ? University of Maryland
Sports and Stadium Papers - published
***** This is a collection of papers from a professor who specializes
in this topic.
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