I am interested in the Technology out there that would enable me to
post to my web server (I host my own) via my mail server.

For example, many 'Blogging' services allow you to post to your blog
by sending an email.

I am interested in the concept of sending an email, and having the
attachment uploaded to a specified folder on my web server.

Let me know if any such technology exists.  

Regards

TextAmerica.com does it with photos.. (MOblogging) 

It is not called technology perse.. and it should be simple if you
have your own mail server :)

I think it is called MTI.. where you could intercept eMail and then
program it perform it accordingly :)

Mailenable.com gives you a fullfledged free eMail Server.. on
windows.. which you could use to program.. this kind of activity.