<Child development charts.
The University of Maine has a child development fact sheet for
children aged four years, six months. It gives details of physical,
social, emotional and cognitive development for a typical child.
For Cognitive Development at age 4 it lists the following attributes:
Points to and names four to six colours.
Matches pictures of familiar objects.
Draws, names and describes pictures.
Counts and touches four or more objects.
Reads pictures.
Likes to finish activities.
Interested in death.
Able to tell likenesses and differences in pictures.
Listens to long stories, but may misunderstand the facts.
Starts to distinguish between fact and fantasy.
Tells tall tales, brags and compliments self.
Tattles, calls peoples names.
Asks when, how, why questions.
Plays with words (creating rhyming words).
http://www.umext.maine.edu/onlinepubs/htmpubs/4249.htm
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iVillage has a development tracker for ages from 1 year through to twelfth grade.
http://www.parentsoup.com/tracker
Language skills for a 4 year old include:
Communicating elaborate stories using up to eight words together at a
time. Narratives include real events, dreams and fantasies. Speech is
mostly clear but f, v, s and z sounds may not be clear until five and
a half years old. Sh, l, th and r can take longer to perfect.
Grammatical errors are less frequent. Questions using ?how? and
?where? are asked. Your ?why? questions can be answered.
http://www.parentsoup.com/tracker/preschool/articles/0,,166463_264372,00.html
The preoperational stage.
http://www.childdevelopmentinfo.com/cgi-bin/FrameIt.cgi?Url=http://snycorva.cortland.edu/~andersmd/piaget/preop.html&ShowRemoveFrame=1
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The Child Development Institute has a language development chart for
the ages 6 months through to 8 years which gives the following
attributes at 4 years:
Knows names of familiar animals
Can use at least four prepositions or can demonstrate his
understanding of their meaning when given commands
Names common objects in picture books or magazines
Knows one or more colours
Can repeat 4 digits when they are given slowly
Can usually repeat words of four syllables
Demonstrates understanding of over and under
Has most vowels and diphthongs and the consonants p, b, m, w, n well established
Often indulges in make-believe
Extensive verbalization as he carries out activities
Understands such concepts as longer, larger, when a contrast is presented
Readily follows simple commands even thought the stimulus objects are not in sight
Much repetition of words, phrases, syllables, and even sounds.
http://www.childdevelopmentinfo.com/development/language_development.shtml
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The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association has a chart of
developmental milestones which includes the following:
At 3 to 4 years:
Talks about activities at school or at friends? house.
People outside the family can usually understand the child?s speech.
Talks easily without repeating syllables or words.
At 4-5 years:
Voice sounds clear like other children?s.
Uses detailed sentences (e.g. ?I like to read my books.?)
Tells stories that stick to the topic.
Communicates easily with other children and adults.
Says most sounds correctly except for l, s, r, v, z, ch, sh and th.
Uses the same grammar as the rest of the family.
http://www.asha.org/public/speech/development/child_hear_talk.htm
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According to The American Academy of Pediatrics, at 3 years a child is
able to talk in sentences of five or six words. Half of the speech
sounds used may be mispronounced. The use of pronouns such as ?I?,
?me?, ?mine? and ?you? is still being learnt.
http://www.medem.com/search/article_display.cfm?path=n:&mstr=/ZZZH28IKGDC.html&soc=AAP&srch_typ=NAV_SERCH
By 4 years vocabulary reaches around 1,500 words. F, v, s, z, sh, l,
th and r are incorrectly pronounced. Swear words are learnt and
bossiness is common.
http://www.medem.com/search/article_display.cfm?path=n:&mstr=/ZZZZ0GITODC.html&soc=AAP&srch_typ=NAV_SERCH
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The National Network for Childcare has a chart detailing stages of
intellectual, physical, social and emotional development.
Ages and Stages (Four Year Olds by Lesia Oesterreich:National Network
for Childcare).
http://www.nncc.org/Child.Dev/ages.stages.4y.html
Developmental Milestones: A guide for parents. (The Fourth Year) by
Joyce Powell & Charles A. Smith. National Network for Childcare.
http://www.nncc.org/Child.Dev/mile4.html>
<Additional links:>
<What to Expect: Your 3 to 4 year old.>
<http://www.investinkids.ca/DisplayContent.aspx?name=what%20to%20expect%203%20years>
<Links to developmental milestone pages for ages 0-12 years.>
<http://www.psy.pdx.edu/PsiCafe/Areas/Developmental/PhysDev-Child/#5th>
<Search strategy:>
<"cognitive development" "4 years">
<://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&q=%22cognitive+development%22+%224+years%22>
<"language development" "4 years">
<://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&ie=ISO-8859-1&q=%22language+development%22+%224+years%22>
<"national network for childcare">
<://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&q=%22national+network+for+childcare%22>
<Hope this helps.> |
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