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Q: Inca city of Tiajuanaco, Bolivia. ( Answered 5 out of 5 stars,   1 Comment )
Question  
Subject: Inca city of Tiajuanaco, Bolivia.
Category: Science > Technology
Asked by: bob63-ga
List Price: $2.00
Posted: 14 May 2004 20:58 PDT
Expires: 13 Jun 2004 20:58 PDT
Question ID: 346664
My question concerns the name of the device that was used to join the
large stone building blocks in the walls of the Inca city of
Tiajuanaco in Bolivia.  The blocks were positioned and hollows were
chisled in the adjoining blocks.  Liquid metal, I believe an
amagamation of Nickel and Iron, or Nickel and Copper, was then poured
into the indentations
and when hardened prevented the blocks from shifting.  What is the
name of the metal piece that was formed?
Answer  
Subject: Re: Inca city of Tiajuanaco, Bolivia.
Answered By: juggler-ga on 14 May 2004 21:37 PDT
Rated:5 out of 5 stars
 
Hello.

The devices have been named "cramps."

Some sources also refer to them as "staples" or "I-clamps."

sources:

"Lechtman H. 1998. 'Architectural cramps at Tiwanaku:
copper-arsenic-nickel bronze', in Rehren Th. Hauptmann A. & Muhly J.D.
1998: 77-92"
source: Metallurgy Bibliography
http://users.ox.ac.uk/~salter/arch-metals/met-bib-lz.htm

"...metal masonry cramps used at Tiahuanaco..."
http://solo.manuatele.net/peterfacts.htm

"some stones held together with copper (actually bronze) "cramps"
source:  Tiwanaku, an altiplano agrarian state
http://members.aol.com/andeanae/490-03f-15.htm

"..even the so-called architectural cramps (figure 30.28) found at the
site of Tiwanaku, Bolivia..."
"...lack of any significant mystery surrounding the metal staples /
cramps found at the Tiwanaku Site."
source: Hall of Maat
http://www.hallofmaat.com/maat/read.php?f=1&i=181428&t=126757

"While restoring the city, huge staples were found between the stones.
A groove was carve in the edge and molton liquids were poured within,
which hardened, forming this staple."
source: Crystalinks.com Tiahuanaco, Bolivia
http://www.crystalinks.com/tiahuanaco.html

"Tiwanaku is one of only three places in the ancient world to use
metal I-clamps to join cut blocks together,"
source: Lost Civilizations Uncovered
http://jcolavito.tripod.com/lostcivilizations/id2.html

-------

search strategy:
tiajuanaco
tiahuanaco
Tiwanaku, metallurgy
Tiwanaku, cramps
Tiwanaku, staples
Tiwanaku, "i clamps"

I hope this helps.
bob63-ga rated this answer:5 out of 5 stars and gave an additional tip of: $5.00
Excellent answer.  I was unawares that there are so many spellings of
Tiajuanaco.  I am an author and like to include accurate historical
information to my stories.  This is a big help! Thanks for the
promptness!

Comments  
Subject: Re: Inca city of Tiajuanaco, Bolivia.
From: juggler-ga on 15 May 2004 16:15 PDT
 
Thank you for the tip.
-juggler

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