Is there a term for a type of word that describes a whole distinct
constellation of human thought and emotion?  Example: the words
'gullible', 'desultory' and 'trenchant' all describe particular human
ways of being.  Is there a term for these class of word?  Does any
sort of dictionary or thesaurus exist for these?

There is a wonderful dictionary called "One Look" that has a reverse
look-up feature.  You describe the concept, such as "whole distinct
constellation of human thought and emotion", and it comes up with
words that have this meaning, or something close to it.

This is waaaay better than a thesaurus, as far as I'm concerned.

The words it came up with to describe "whole distinct constellation of
human thought and emotion" were:

mind, personality, head, soul, universe, psyche, spirit, self, body,
brain, intellect, language, aspect, breast, heart, humanity,
rationalism, form, spectrum, figure, sentiment, sense, system,
empathy, balance, back, reason, inspiration, thing, nature, object,
experience, limerence, ecstasy, particular, complex, profile,
objective, unit, love, humanism, art, piece, mechanical, take, society
of mind, psalms, freedom of religion, man, tone, folie, racial
science, flesh, member, anger, somatic, astrology, topic, universal,
life, world, synthesis, compound, cold, section, element, shape,
robot, interest, machine, composition, hallucinogenic drug, point,
arm, psychology, gesture, judgment, colour, possess, time, whole
purpose, consciousness, air, anticipation, heel, will, complement,
burst, feature, noosphere, shell, christocentric, look, subject,
thoughtless, strike, purpose, population, side, and part.

I recommend that you play with this website, and see what it can come
up with for you.

The URL is http://onelook.com/reverse-dictionary.shtml

Well, the answer is apparently 'No'.

So, let's invent one.

How about Emotiverbs?

wow, thank you graememcrae for that cool dictionary!  Very useful. Cheers!

re: emotoverbs . . . well, it would be nice to have a name for these,
but I think we need to define this catagory of words a little further.
 The thing is, they tend to be more like adjectives, and not
necessarilly emotionally based, just descriptive.  Somehow I like the
concept of a constellation, or a whole gestalt; and they always
describe a human-like state of being. Any thots?