Hi,
Well this one is right up my alley, thanks for dropping in an asking
it, there's quite a bit to talk about on this subject, but I'll try to
keep it close to the goal you have here and if you have questions
afterward about something I didn't spend enough time on, then just
drop a Clarification note.
For your qualifications here (on the development, not your skills) you
are going to want to use a template engine, a good one, and something
that is rather fast, because of the nature of your site goals. Smarty
is probably the answer for you in this department. I'm sure your
skills in Perl have introduced you to the idea of template design, and
if not, at least object design.. same thing when you look at it in the
dim light and squint your eyes. They are the same in goal however,
that being 'if you've made it once why make it again?'.
With a large site like this, and one that needs to get larger,
templates are the only way to go. There are literally hundreds of
template engines, all over the place, and all of them are basically
the same. Smarty stands out for a number of reasons however. First of
all it complies the code once you are finished and keeps it that way,
so the pages which are more or less static are very fast, and the ones
that are more dynamic than static are faster than they would be
otherwise. Also, the system is very pliable, with a very good support
team. The website is at smarty.php.net .. and the url there should
tell you something.
Most of what you want to do has already been done by guys like me more
times than we care to think about. Login's, customer accounts,
billing, email lists, blah blah blah.. over and over... each company
thinking that theirs is different, .. well they're not.
They are all basically the same. This struck the good folks over at
Pear with the idea of 'why keep doing this?' make one libary, have a
bunch of coders make it really good and just use that. How many ways
can you access a data base anyway? So that's your next stop, Pear. A
collection of code gone over by several hundred coders over many
years, and fine tuned down to very clean working functions and
objects. DB.php for instance is a library that will give you all the
functions you need to access, insert and query reports from just about
every database out there today. It is very popular because when you
need to change from one database to another or just want to support
another, it is very easy to do if you started out with DB.php to begin
with. If nothing else, it is a repository of very clean, well written
code that you can learn a great deal from.
Your next stop should be a few places that are open source and have
made these types of programs. You may find that just getting one of
these and making a few alterations to the system is a much better way
to go. If you go this route be sure you understand the OpenSource
license terms, and how they affect a commercial site. I have worked
with several companies in the past that have used open source systems,
having me make a few tweaks here and there to suit their needs, and it
has always worked out very well. A couple of them used the software
only for a couple of years while their in-house staff created the
'real' system. Others had this in mind, but remained with the
Opensource. Just be sure you understand the license, and what license
you have. There are several and they are not all the same.
A few of these classifieds sites are :
( in no particular order )
PHP Classifieds
http://www.deltascripts.com/phpclassifieds/
NetClassifieds
http://www.scriptdevelopers.net/products.php#NCSummery
Trueque: An Open Source Classified System
http://trueque.sourceforge.net/
PHP Nuke has a Classifieds system as well. (not really sure what they don't have)
http://phpnuke.org/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=6842
Repositories of OpenSource projects are good to browse around in
before you start coding, they are great sources of ideas, and
possibilities, and could possibly help you find a way to create a
classified based website that stands out from all the rest.
The two main websites I can think of with thousands of projects on them, are
Fresh Meat
http://www.freshmeat.net
and Source Forge
http://sourceforge.net
These are sister sites, but very different... like.. um.. sisters.
To get your bearings on PHP as a language, don't go out and buy a
bunch of books. Go to the source
http://www.php.net
On top of having great documentation on the language, something the
Perl commity hasn't seem to gotten around to doing really on the web.
We have site after site of Perl code and writings, but nothing that
falls into that large space between "hello world" and Object AI. The
Perl book is fantastic, so I guess that's why we haven't spent a great
deal of time there. But, PHP didn't have a PHP Book, so they make a
website, since, that's what they do really. What they also did is
allow coders to give insight to the uses and methods of just about
everything on that website. Every function (just about) has entries
from knowledgeable coders explaining some of the Gotcha's and giving
hints on how to get the most from this function or that method. This
is not a forum, its not a place where newbies can ask questions, its a
place where guys who hammered their heads on the keyboard, until they
figured it out, came to help other coders save their keyboards. So, go
there first. Then, if you want a book you can find a better one, after
you have a good idea of what it is you need.
A place where newbies can go and ask questions would be :
http://www.webmasterworld.com/home.htm
I've been known to stop in there and answer questions myself, and
there is a core group in the PHP area that is really very good, and
patient. I wish I could spend more time there, but life is like that
sometimes. The site owners keep a great deal of history, far more than
I would have thought with as much traffic and posts as they get there.
This right here has given you a huge field of information. Really. I
have 5 PHP books sitting on my shelf and not a single one of them come
close to the information in those areas I've given you here. Kinda
makes me mad. ;-) But it is the truth. If you want something to thumb
through, go with the PHP Cook book, but really, if you can't find it
.. Easily .. on those sites, its probably not in the books either.
Where you will want to start ..
The amount of information in those resources is a problem in and of
itself really. Its huge and so I'm going to set you on a course with
your goal in mind, as to where you want to start. You know how to
configure the server, that's good, but what you may not be use to, and
what will be a cold shock some morning , is that PHP differs from Perl
CGI in many aspects, the most glaring in the security area is that
template files and config files are right out there in the
directories, where if called by the right name, show up in text format
.. ah.. bummer..
CGI is hidden, it is not even in the directory, and executes in the
directories they are in, so a text file give complier errors and
that's about it. So brush up on your .htaccess configurations. You
would be surprised to see how many password.txt files there are out
there on the web, just sitting there. (you don't have to wonder, just
do a Google search for password.txt filetype: txt and you'll see them.
I make it a charity hour at least once a month sending these site
owners messages about this).
As far as PHP goes however the two areas you want to master first, is
MySQL and Sessions. Both of these are amazing in what they do. I love
Sessions. It is a bit hard to grasp at first, but those comment areas
on the PHP.net site will see you through this area. And what they
don't cover, you can get help on at WebMasters and looking at the
source at Pear.
What a Session is, is a cookie really, a cookie that stays on the
server, and can hold gobs of information. Not just scalars, but
arrays, and even objects. The client browser gets a cookie with a
unique id given to them by the web server. This identifies them during
this visit's session. As soon as the browser closes, or if they leave
it idle for too long, the session ceases, and the information you have
on the server, all those arrays and objects, gets cleaned up
automatically. If the browser refuses the session cookie, then all of
the links and form buttons on the site, instantly get the session code
attached to them. So, again, the id still gets passed. It looks
cleaner in the address bar when they take the cookie, but it doesn't
really matter.
Sounds cool huh? That's what I said a few years ago when they first
came out, and for the longest time I couldn't get them to work. So
that's your first stop. Master those and your world becomes so much
simpler.
Next is MySQL, and I'm really wracking my head to remember any trouble
I had in this area. But I can't think of a single thing right now.
with DB from Pear and the PHP native functions available, any thing I
had, is already solved, but with your site, you will want to
understand MySQL very well, as well as the differences in persistent
connections and non persistent. There are times to use both, don't let
them tell you other wise. But knowing when can be a toss up at times.
After those two, and maybe even a bit during those to, I would spend
all my time getting to know Smarty. That is the tool that will save
you weeks of coding, and hours of debugging. But that isn't even the
half of it really. That is the cool stuff for the coders, like us. But
the Designers get it just as good.
I've worked with four designer teams since I started using Smarty
seriously last year. Each of them looked at it, after I showed it to
them, and said "ah man, this is going to really hurt" (cleaned up for
public broadcasting there). Within two weeks however, they were all
over it. They couldn't get enough of it.
Smarty separates your code, from their design. They can do all the
things they've always wanted to do, but couldn't because they had to
work around the coder. And you get to not have to answer the phone and
change reams of code every time there is a design change. They can
change what ever they want to... I'm sure there are limits, but I'm
not the one to ask about them. Until you really start understanding
and using Smarty to at least half its potential, you simply don't get
it. I didn't. Not for the longest time. Like I said, templates are all
over the place, and there is a reason for that, it simply doesn't make
any sense to create a dynamic website without them. The first time
you start working on a site of any size at all, and you have just
block and copied your last 15 pages of code from other pages of code
and your realize that you are spending far more time in HTML land than
you ever wanted to spend, you start thinking "there has got to be a
better way than this.." And your Perl heritage is yelling in the back
of your brain "Yeah there is! Let me at them! " Ha.. just a note on
that line, of a personal nature, when I first started working with
PHP, I was in that spot, and being new I didn't have a full grasp on
all the tools (mainly because all these tools weren't around then, but
that's beside the point really), so I wrote a Perl script to code out
the skeleton of the PHP code I needed. Seriously. I still have it some
where. It runs through an SQL file, makes all the objects, case
statements and %80 of the typing needed to create the forms and other
HTML pages, I knew I was going to need sooner or later. It was a God
send, it really was.
Then I read one of these 5 books I have, Advanced PHP, which had the
first template outline in PHP I had ever seen, so I ditched the Perl
script and started fleshing out that thing. Saved hours of time and
taught me a great deal of useful PHP stuff working on that library.
When I first saw Smarty, my thought was, "so what? I do that now." but
I didn't. It just looked like I did on the surface. Never mind the
compiler (though that is very cool), What these guys have made is a
smart template as well, which I didn't have, not even close. I guess
I'm going to get into this a little so, hold on to your eyes.
Normal template stuff, the stuff I knew about anyway, is exactly that,
templates. Stencils. You make the HTML page, and put marks in like
{$firstname$} , {$lastname$} and when you run the PHP script, it fills
in those areas with the first name variable and the last name
variable.. and that's about it.. Perl has this as well, so you've
probably seen it yourself. It is a heck of a lot better than the
alternatives, that is for certain, but .. well. its not really all
that fun is it? Hard to get excited about being able to make a form
like that.. You could put in blocks of code too, like {$searchbox$}
and {$header$} for the pages to build up, so you could save a great
deal of time just doing that, and making a library of modules to use
with your templates. It certainly was not a waste of time.
Smarty's templates are a bit better than this. Let's say you have one
template that gets the Search Box. Most of the pages in fact on your
site have the Search Box. But there are 10 or 15 that don't. The
"contact us" page for example, doesn't have it because of the room
requirements. So, that's a new template, right? Nope, that's just not
sending that template the search box code. Templates in Smarty have
logic.
{IF $searchbox}
{$searchbox}
{elseif}$advertbox}
{$advertbox}
{elseif}
{$smarty.config->ImageFill}
{$smarty.config-Imagefill}
{/if}
Kinda cool eh? The first two things there $searchbox and $advertbox
are for your code to check and send if it has/needs to send them. That
last, the config call, is for a config file variable, in the
Designer's realm. If they have something they want to stick in there,
they can, using config files with very simple layouts. They can change
it basically at will, and can just take it out if they don't want
anything there, or .. even change the template code pointing to the
Config variable to another config variable, or .. have the template
call a completely different config file. it's up to them, you don't
care. Your job was the first two.
Theoretically, any template should be able to change at will, but I've
never seen it happen in real life, on a real site. Smarty however has
over come just about all the real life stuff that happens which keeps
that from being a reality.
So, that's your third stop, and perhaps your first and second desert
visits as well.
Here are some other links of interest, which I visit at least once a
month to see what is going on in my world. I really don't know where
these other coders get the time, they must be better Smarty users than
I am, after all I'm still learning there.. :-)
Links of Note
FedEx Shipping API
http://www.fedex.com/us/solutions/shipapi/sample_code.html?link=4
SSL Certificats for Free ( no kidding, and they are very reasonable
for the long term ones as well.. they give you a short term one for
free though, so you can get your SSL area developed and working for
the client without being out of pocket)
http://www.freessl.com/starterssl/starterssl.html
Cross Browser (DHTML on steriods, very cool stuff here).
http://cross-browser.com/
Measuring the Capacity of a Web Server
http://www.cs.rice.edu/CS/Systems/Web-measurement/paper/paper.html
Torture.pl (so you want to see how good you code really is?)
http://stein.cshl.org/~lstein/torture/
PayPal Developers Support Forum
http://www.paypaldev.org/
PHP Documentor
http://www.phpdoc.org/
Using Smarty Templates With PEAR HTML_QuickForm
http://www.thelinuxconsultancy.co.uk/smarty-guide.html
PHP Editors
http://www.php-editors.com/
PHP Snippets : PHP code Snippets Library
http://www.php-csl.com/snippets/
CSS Cheat Sheet
http://php-programming-goodies.euweb.cz/css-cheat-sheet.html
CSS Zen Garden (Now, if you really want to see some dynamic action, go
here.. its amazing.).
http://www.csszengarden.com
phpWebThings
http://www.phpdbform.com/
I'll add this one (kinda like PerlMonks, but.. not.) Has some good
stuff some times though.
PHP Builder
http://www.phpbuilder.com/
Regular Expression Library (yeah, we have those..)
http://www.regxlib.com/
Okay, that should cover just about everything you could need until, ..
you need more. Experience is that thing you get right after you need
it anyway.
thanks,
webadept-ga |
