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Title: Three-dimensional perceptual grouping and filling-in of slanted
and curved surfaces: Laminar cortical model and gloss perception
experiments.
Author(s): Swaminathan, Gurumurthy, Boston U., US
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences
& Engineering, Vol 64(3-B), 2003. pp. 1118.
Publisher: US: Univ Microfilms International
ISSN: 0419-4217 (Print)
Language: English
Key Concepts: perceptual grouping; binocular disparity; three
dimension; monocular cues; visual cortex; cortical areas
Abstract: The first part of the thesis proposes a model for
three-dimensional (3D) curved surface representation and 3D
interpretation of two-dimensional (2D) images. Binocular disparity is
a key cue for 3D perception and has usually been used to represent 3D
planar surfaces in earlier models. It can also be used to glean
information about slant or tilt of curved surfaces. Monocular cues
also provide information about 3D structure of an object. Some
monocular cues by themselves are ambiguous, but a combination of them
can disambiguate the 3D interpretation. A neural model of how the
visual cortex combines information from binocular and monocular cues
to perceive and represent 3D curved surfaces is developed. The model
includes cells that are sensitive to angles and disparity gradients
and shows how such cells can be organized within the laminar circuits
of cortical areas V1 and V2. The model is consistent with
neurophysiological and psychophysical data. Model simulations show how
horizontal connections can develop cell selectivity to angles, how 3D
slanted surfaces are represented by cells that are sensitive to
disparity gradients, how filling-in occurs across slanted surfaces,
how a Necker cube 2D image can be represented in 3D, and how bistable
Necker cube percepts occur. The second part of the thesis describes
psychophysical experiments on gloss perception. The perception of
gloss is usually attributed to the presence of highlights on the
object, which are dependent on surface properties, light source
direction, and eye position. Even though a highlight is localized on
an object, the perception of gloss is usually attributed to the whole
object. How does a local highlight induce the perception of gloss at
places far from the highlight? Does the perception of gloss at a
particular point on the object vary as you move away from the
highlight? The experimental results show that gloss perception is
non-uniform on an object, varies with distance from the highlight,
depends on surface distance rather than image distance, and is
affected by discontinuities on the surface. An explanation of the
results in terms of the FACADE theory of 3D vision is given. (PsycINFO
Database Record (c) 2004 APA, all rights reserved)
Subjects: *Binocular Vision; *Monocular Vision; *Visual Perception;
Cues; Visual Cortex
Classification: Cognitive Processes (2340)
Population: Human (10)
Form/Content Type: Journal Article (2400)
Publication Type: Dissertation Abstract (350); Print
Format(s) Available: Print
Release Date: 20040112
Accession Number: 2003-95018-201
Persistent link to this record:
http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=2003-95018-201&db=psyh
Database: PsycINFO
Title: Reconstructing a 3D world.
Author(s): Connor, Charles E., Johns Hopkins U, Dept of Neuroscience,
Baltimore, MD, US, connor@jhu.edu
Source: Science, Vol 298(5592), Oct 2002. pp. 376-377.
Journal URL: http://www.sciencemag.org/
Publisher: US: American Assn for the Advancement of Science
Publisher URL: http://www.aaas.org
ISSN: 0036-8075 (Print)
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1126/science.1078095
Language: English
Key Concepts: neural mechanisms; two-dimensional sensory inputs;
three-dimensional perception; stereopsis; depth perception;
nonstereoscopic perception; visual system; imaging; electrophysiology;
monkeys; humans
Abstract: Discusses the neural mechanisms for reconstructing
3-dimensional (3D) reality from 2-dimensional (2D) sensory inputs.
Much of this visual system research has focused on
stereopsis--inferring depth position from small image disparities
between the right and left eyes. Nonstereoscopic 3D perception which
depends on other cues such as shading, perspective, texture gradients,
and motion parallax is also discussed. The author argues that there is
a need for an evolving interplay between large-scale imaging studies
and fine-scale analysis of neural mechanisms. Imaging techniques can
be used to assess whole-brain activity, and they provide a link
between monkey and human vision. Electrophysiology addresses
circuit-level information processing and remains important for
interpreting the population-level differences revealed by functional
MRI. It is concluded that imaging and electrophysiological experiments
with equivalent stimuli and perceptual conditions will be required to
fully elucidate how the brain constructs a 3D reality from its 2D
sensory inputs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2003 APA, all rights
reserved)
Subjects: *Brain; *Depth Perception; *Stereoscopic Vision; *Visual
Perception; Electrophysiology; Monkeys; Tomography
Classification: Physiological Psychology & Neuroscience (2500)
Population: Human (10)
Animal (20)
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal (270); Print
Format(s) Available: Print
Release Date: 20021113
Accession Number: 2002-06191-001
Number of Citations in Source: 22
Persistent link to this record:
http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=2002-06191-001&db=psyh
Database: PsycINFO
Title: Bayesian modelling of visual perception.
Series Title: Neural information processing series
Author(s): Mamassian, Pascal, U Glasgow, Dept of Psychology, Glasgow, Scotland
Landy, Michael, New York U, Dept of Psychology, New York, NY, US
Maloney, Laurence T., New York U, Ctr for Neural Science, New York, NY, US
Source: Probabilistic models of the brain: Perception and neural
function. Rao, Rajesh P. N. (Ed); Olshausen, Bruno A. (Ed); et al; pp.
13-36. Cambridge, MA, US: The MIT Press, 2002. x, 324 pp.
ISBN: 0-262-18224-6 (hardcover)
Language: English
Key Concepts: Bayesian Decision Theory; perceptual decision; modeling
visual function; role of prior knowledge of environment; interpreting
images; 3-D perception; shape perception; shading; contours
Abstract: (from the chapter) Bayesian Decision Theory (BDT) has been
suggest as a convenient and natural framework that allows researchers
to study all aspects of a perceptual decision in a unified manner.
This framework involves 3 basic components: the task of the organism,
prior knowledge (PK) about the environment, and knowledge of the way
the environment is sensed by the organism. This chapter summarizes the
key points that make the Bayesian framework attractive as a framework
for the study of perception and illustrates how to develop models of
visual function based on BDT. It emphasizes the role played by PK
about the environment in the interpretation of images and describes
how this PK is represented as prior distributions in BDT. To introduce
the Bayesian approach, the chapter illustrates how to model a
simplified problem of 3-dimensional perception. Following the example,
the chapter illustrates how the framework can be used to model
slightly more realistic problems concerning the perception of shape
from shading and from contours. The chapter concludes with a general
discussion of the main issues of the Bayesian approach. (PsycINFO
Database Record (c) 2003 APA, all rights reserved)
Subjects: *Decision Making; *Form and Shape Perception; *Mathematical
Modeling; *Statistical Probability; *Visual Perception; Brightness
Contrast; Declarative Knowledge; Environment; Theories
Classification: Visual Perception (2323)
Form/Content Type: Conference Proceedings/Symposia (0600)
Intended Audience: Psychology: Professional & Research (PS)
Conference: Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) conference,
Dec, 1998, Breckenridge, CO, US
Conference Notes: This book originated from a workshop on Statistical
Theories of Cortical Function held at the aforementioned conference.
Publication Type: Chapter (160); Print
Release Date: 20020515
Accession Number: 2002-02646-001
Number of Citations in Source: 19
Persistent link to this record:
http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=2002-02646-001&db=psyh
Database: PsycINFO
Title: 3-D vision and figure-ground separation by visual cortex.
Author(s): Grossberg, Stephen, Boston U, Ctr for Adaptive Systems,
Dept of Cognitive & Neural Systems, MA, US
Source: Perception & Psychophysics, Vol 55(1), Jan 1994. pp. 48-120.
Journal URL: http://www.psychonomic.org/prp.htm
Publisher: US: Psychonomic Society
Publisher URL: http://www.psychonomic.org
ISSN: 0031-5117 (Print)
Language: English
Key Concepts: FACADE neural network theory of 3-dimensional vision &
figure ground separation by visual cortex
Abstract: Describes a neural network theory of 3-dimensional (3-D)
vision, called FACADE theory, that proposes a solution of the
classical figure-ground problem for biological vision by suggesting
how boundary representations and surface representations are formed
within a boundary contour system (BCS) and a feature contour system
(FCS). The theory clarifies how preattentive processes of 3-D
perception and figure-ground separation interact reciprocally with
attentive processes of spatial localization, object recognition, and
visual search. A new theory of stereopsis is proposed, and phenomena
such as 3-D pop-out from a 2-D picture, Da Vinci stereopsis, 3-D neon
color spreading, completion of partially occluded objects, and
figure-ground reversals are analyzed. Various visual models are
described, and their relationship to cortical mechanisms is discussed.
(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2003 APA, all rights reserved)
Subjects: *Figure Ground Discrimination; *Neural Networks; *Spatial
Perception; *Visual Cortex; Theories; Vision
Classification: Neural Networks (4160)
Population: Human (10)
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal (270); Print
Release Date: 19941101
Accession Number: 1994-43434-001
Persistent link to this record:
http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=1994-43434-001&db=psyh
Database: PsycINFO
Title: A Macintosh interface to teach 3-D perception cues.
Author(s): Sobiloff, Blake, St Olaf Coll, Northfield, MN, US
Source: Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, Vol 23(2),
May 1991. pp. 187-189.
Journal URL: http://www.psychonomic.org/brm.htm
Publisher: US: Psychonomic Society
Publisher URL: http://www.psychonomic.org
ISSN: 0743-3808 (Print)
Language: English
Key Concepts: interface between Macintosh computer & glasses with
liquid crystal shutter lenses in 3-dimensional perception cue
presentation, conference presentation
Abstract: Presents an interface between a Macintosh computer and a
pair of glasses with liquid crystal shutter lenses that allows
interactive demonstration and investigation of the visual system. This
equipment allows graphic images to be presented to Ss' eyes in
different ways. This apparatus has been used to create binocular
disparity, resulting in a convincing illusion of depth. Other possible
applications include tachistoscopic functions and monocular visual
presentations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2003 APA, all rights
reserved)
Subjects: *Apparatus; *Computer Applications; *Form and Shape
Perception; *Visual Perception
Classification: Visual Perception (2323)
Population: Human (10)
Form/Content Type: Conference Proceedings/Symposia (0600)
Conference Notes: 20th Annual Meeting of the Society for Computers in
Psychology (1990, New Orleans, Louisiana).
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal (270); Print
Release Date: 19911101
Accession Number: 1991-29368-001
Persistent link to this record:
http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=1991-29368-001&db=psyh
Database: PsycINFO |
