shackles...
From the online Multiple Sclerosis Encyclopaedia:
"The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating movement,
planning, motor activities, learning and remembering of
physical skills and for some cognitive abilities.
Interestingly, the size of this brain region within any
mammal species is a good indicator of its the physical
capability."
"The cerebellum controls movement by collecting sensory
nerve inputs, such as limb position, balance information
and vision, and synthesising them together to control
movement by sending nerve transmissions down motor nerve
outputs. The learning of physical tasks is done by trial
and error and then stored into cerebellar memory. This is
the reason that we never forget certain skills such as
riding a bike. There is some evidence that mental
activities are also co-ordinated in the cerebellum which
could explain why cognitive dysfunction is sometimes
associated with damage to the cerebellum."
"Damage to the cerebellum or the cerebellar peduncles is
very common in multiple sclerosis. This is not surprising
given the large amount of white matter in these structures."
"Some of symptoms associated with damage to the cerebellum
or the nervous tracts leading to it are:
- Dysdiadokokinesia (difficulty in performing rapid alternating
movements)
- ataxia (difficulty in coordinating movements)
- tremors
- loss of balance and vertigo
- muscle weakness
- dysarthria (loss of coordination of the muscles controlling speech)
- loss of postural tone."
http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/cerebellum.html
From Wikipedia:
"...the cerebellum is a complex system mostly dedicated to
the intricacies of voluntary movement, including managing
walking and balance. Damage to the cerebellum leaves the
sufferer with a gait that appears drunken and is difficult
to control. Some modern fMRI studies show that the
cerebellum is important for attention, reading, perception
of time, and may be impaired in dyslexia, Alzheimer's
disease, and other neurological disorders."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebellum
From the Springfield Technical Community College's Distance
Education Program page on the cerebellum:
"Movements become much less coordinated after any cerebellar
damage. The best example of this is seen in precision
movements, like end-point-contact movements. If you are
asked to touch your finger to your nose, as your finger is
being brought toward your nose your cerebellum normally
makes corrections to the movement command so that you
contact your nose (the end point) with no problem. When
someone has a cerebellar lesion, the corrections are not
made properly, and the person ends up shaking so much that
they cannot ever touch their nose."
"All movements are perturbed with cerebellar lesion. This
shows just how important the cerebellum is."
Much more on the page:
http://distance.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP1pages/nervssys/unit13/cerebell1.htm
From the WhyFiles:
"Damage to the cerebellum makes walking difficult, speech
slurred, most movements unsteady."
[...]
"...the cerebellum is required for timing stop-and-start
movements, but not for continuous motion."
[...]
"In a study published May 30, Spencer, Zelaznik and
colleagues reported that cerebellum patients had
trouble only with discontinuous movements. 'Even
though most people say cerebellum patients are
impaired in timing, that's far too broad. The
impairment is only there when the movement is
discontinuous,' says Spencer."
"Why could this be? Perhaps, she says, in continuous
tasks, 'We get our arms cycling, and once you get it
going, it can go on its own. I can do the task, and
read or talk, and my arm won't stop. It's kind of
swinging like a pendulum, going on its own momentum.'"
"Discontinuous movements -- think tap, pause, tap -- are
different, she says. Once each cycle, you apparently
need to refer to an internal clock to restart the process.
And if that clock -- apparently located in the cerebellum
-- is defective, the result will be impaired movement.
Poor coordination. That drunken appearance."
"'That's why the cerebellum patients are impaired,' Spencer
says. 'When they have to turn the movement on and off,
there are lots of points where the 'clock' can be
interrupted.'"
http://whyfiles.org/shorties/132cerebellum/
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