With reference to the public sector and private sectors, how does a
modern manager most effectively exploit the principles of traditional
and current views of people management?

I'm unsure of what traditional and contemporary views are. To me it
seems best to explin the objectives to each employee, and let them
struggle with the best way to reach those objectives, offering
friendly advice if they ask specific questions. Often they will prefer
to ask co-workers. Obviously you need to be a bit assertive if they go
off on unworkable tangents or tend to loaf.   Neil