I would like to know what percentage of MBA students fall into each of
the 16 MBTI combinations (INTJ, INTP, etc.). I'd like this data to be
based on relatively recent research (last 5-10 years).

I do not personally know the answer to this one, but I can give you
someone who has a library of MBTI statistical info. I used to work in
executive education, managing the programs teaching about the MBTI,
among other business topics. One of our top professors, Bill Jeffries,
was an expert on MBTI. He has a website for his consulting business

www.execustrat.com

where you can learn his email and contact him directly for the
statistics. I'm sure he'd be happy to help.

Good luck.

I would be surprised if folks are still using this--most of the
academic research has moved toward the Big 5 (OCEAN) model for
personality behavior.

Perhaps a couple of calls to career centers at business schools would yield data.