Hello Jburd,
I have gathered all the charts/graphs/curves I could find
illustrating glucose levels for you. (Found near the end of the
answer) I have also included some tabular data and information on Type
1 and Type 2 diabetes. The GTT (also called oral glucose tolerance
test, or OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test) is not used very often
these days. Doctors use a fasting blood sugar and if abnormal, MAY
order a GTT, or even an HbA1C test instead, along with symptoms to
diagnose diabetes. If the fasting sample is too high (depends on
doctor ? often over 125), the glucose load is not given to the
patient. Please let me know if this is the answer you were seeking,
by using the Answer Clarification process, and allowing me to respond,
before you rate.
?When is it ordered? Blood glucose testing can be used to screen
healthy, asymptomatic individuals for diabetes and pre-diabetes
because diabetes is a common disease that begins with few symptoms.
Screening for glucose may occur during public health fairs or as part
of workplace health programs. It may also be ordered when a patient
has a routine physical exam. Screening is especially important for
people at high risk of developing diabetes, such as those with a
family history of diabetes, those who are overweight, and those who
are more than 40 to 45 years old.?
http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/glucose/test.html
? Another method is to use the fasting blood glucose which should be
between 70-115 mg/dl. Any value above 115 mg/dl is suspicious of
having diabetes
? The Glucose Tolerance Test or GTT is the best test to confirm the
diagnosis of diabetes. It can also classify the disease into mild,
moderate and severe. The subject comes to the lab having fasted 10-12
hours previously. He is given a drink of glucose 75g and the time
clock is put at 0 hours. A sample of venous blood (2ml) is taken from
him and he is also asked to provide a sample urine. This is repeated
first and second hour later. The graph is plotted: Blood glucose level
against time. The normal curve is shown on the graph.
http://www.bphealthcare.com/healthcare/brochures/dm/dm.html
?The glucose tolerance test (GTT) consists of drinking 100 grams of
glucose solution and measuring the blood glucose values every hour to
get a curve. The values obtained tell a lot about the body's sugar
metabolism. The following 10 tables of results are typical and are
interpreted briefly.
A 2 hour GTT is used to diagnose diabetes, but a 6 hour test might
also diagnose diabetes plus hypoglycemia, because symptoms of
hypoglycemia occur after the 5th hour.
Twenty five percent of the normal population will also show a blood
glucose content of less than 50 mg/dl (2.8 mmol/l) but do not show any
other symptoms of hypoglycemia. Therefore, to diagnose a person as
hypoglycemic, not only the blood glucose values are important but also
the person must experience the symptoms of hypoglycemia in the course
of the test.?
While in a table, and not a graph (You can easily graph the values and
plot a curve), this page has expected values for hypeglycemia, normal,
mild diabetes, and severe diabetes. It even depicts the rare ?flat
curve?!
http://www.rajeun.net/gtt.html
?Criteria, which clinically establish an individual as suffering from
diabetes mellitus, include:
? 1. Having a fasting plasma glucose level in excess of 126mg/dL
(7mmol/L). Normal levels should be less than 100mg/dL (<5.6mmol/L).
? 2. or having plasma glucose levels in excess of 200mg/dL (11mmol/L)
at two times points during an oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT, one
of which must be within 2 hrs of ingestion of glucose.?
The American Diabetes Association is planning to recommend that
physicians consider patients to be pre-diabetic if their fasting blood
glucose level is above 100mg/dL but less than 125mg/dL and whose
glucose levels are at least 140mg/dL but less than 200mg/dL following
an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/diabetes.html
?With all of the following curves, 100 g of glucose (solution in
water) is taken at the start of the test. The average blood glucose
level at which urinal glucose is found is 170 mg/dl. This may be an
indication for diabetes. All of the tests lasted for 6 hours, with
blood samples being taken at 30 min, 1 h, 2 h...6 h. To convert the
blood glucose level values in mg/dl to mmol/l, divide by factor 18.
The presented curves are used in diagnosing several blood sugar
metabolism disorders. It is obvious that real curves may vary from
person to person (and even from month to month). If the measured
values lie within the ranges of the following 'normal curve' and no
typical symptoms are present good glucose tolerancy is allowed to be
concluded.?
There is also a chart, with links to tabular data.
http://hypoglykemie.nl/gtt.htm
50g challenges are used primarily on pregnant women. ?he 75- and 100-g
oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) are currently among the most
widely used methods for diagnosing diabetes during pregnancy.10 These
methods are derived from the work of O'Sullivan and colleagues11,12
who were trying to predict the long-term risk of diabetes in women;
however, the results of this research were not intended to be used for
predicting the short-term complications of pregnancy such as
macrosomia. The threshold values that define gestational diabetes and
the number of measurements needed for the diagnosis vary from one
consensus statement to another. Much emphasis has been put on finding
a single, simple approach to identify women at risk of delivering
large-for-gestational-age (LGA) neonates.13 One of these approaches
consists of determining plasma glucose level 1 hour after a 50-g
glucose load in a nonfasting state at 24 to 28 weeks' gestation,
before going on with a more definitive diagnostic OGTT.?
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=143544
?The "gold standard" for diagnosing diabetes is an elevated blood
sugar level after an overnight fast (not eating anything after
midnight). A value above 140 mg/dl on at least two occasions typically
means a person has diabetes. Normal people have fasting sugar levels
that generally run between 70-110 mg/dl.?
?An oral glucose tolerance test is one that can be performed in a
doctor's office or a lab. The person being tested starts the test in a
fasting state (having no food or drink except water for at least 10
hours but not greater than 16 hours). An initial blood sugar is drawn
and then the person is given a "glucola" bottle with a high amount of
sugar in it (75 grams of glucose), (or 100 grams for pregnant women).
The person then has their blood tested again 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2
hours and 3 hours after drinking the high glucose drink.?
?The oral glucose tolerance test is conducted by measuring blood
glucose levels five times over a period of 3 hours. In a person
without diabetes, the glucose levels in the blood rise following
drinking the glucose drink, but then then fall quickly back to normal
(because insulin is produced in response to the glucose, and the
insulin has a normal effect of lowing blood glucose.) In a diabetic,
glucose levels rise higher than normal after drinking the glucose
drink and come down to normal levels much slower (insulin is either
not produced, or it is produced but the cells of the body do not
respond to it) (see details on type 1 and type 2 diabetes for more
information on this topic).?
http://www.endocrineweb.com/diabetes/diagnosis.html
?For a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test used to check for type 2
diabetes, normal (nondiabetic) blood values are:
? fasting: 60 to 110 mg/dL
? 1 hour: less than 200 mg/dL
? 2 hours: less than 140 mg/dL. Between 140-200 mg/dL is considered
impaired glucose tolerance or pre-diabetes. This group is at increased
risk for developing diabetes. Greater than 200 mg/dL is diagnostic of
diabetes mellitus
For a 50-gram oral glucose tolerance test used to screen for
gestational diabetes, normal blood values at 1 hour are less than 140
mg/dL.
For a 100-gram oral glucose tolerance test used to screen for
gestational diabetes, normal blood values are:
?fasting: less than 95 mg/dL
? hour: less than 180 mg/dL
?2 hour: less than 155 mg/dL
?3 hour: less than 140 mg/dL
Note: mg/dL = milligrams per deciliter?
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003466.htm#What%20abnormal%20results%20mean
?The outcome of the test may show:
?Normal glucose tolerance
?Abnormal glucose tolerance
?Depressed glucose tolerance -- in which the blood glucose peaks
sharply before declining slower then usual to normal levels -- as in:
?Diabetes mellitus
?Hemochromatosis (iron overload disease)
?Cushing syndrome (too much cortisol ["cortisone"] hormone)
?Pheochromocytoma (adrenaline-producing tumor)
?Central nervous system lesions
?Increased glucose tolerance -- in which the blood glucose levels peak
at lower than normal levels -- as in the:
?Malabsorption syndrome
?Insulinoma (an insulin-producing tumor)
?Addison disease (adrenocortical insufficiency)
?Hypopituitarism (underactivity of the pituitary gland)
?Hypothyroidism (underactivity of the thyroid gland)
http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=16194
?Though not routinely used anymore, the oral glucose tolerance test
(OGTT) is the gold standard for making the diagnosis of type 2
diabetes. It is still commonly used for diagnosing gestational
diabetes. With an oral glucose tolerance test, the person fasts
overnight (at least 8 but not more than 16 hours). Then first, the
fasting plasma glucose is tested. After this test, the person receives
75 grams of glucose (100 grams for pregnant women). There are several
methods employed by obstetricians to do this test, but the one
described here is standard. Usually, the glucose is in a sweet-tasting
liquid that the person drinks. Blood samples are taken up to four
times to measure the blood glucose.?
http://www.medicinenet.com/glucose_tolerance_test/article.htm
Type 2
?Type 2 Diabetes is associated with insulin resistance rather than the
lack of insulin like seen in Type 1 Diabetes. This often is obtained
as a hereditary tendency from one's parents. Insulin levels in these
patients are usually normal or higher than average but the body's
cells are rather sluggish to respond to it. This lack of insulin
activity results in higher than normal blood glucose levels.?
http://www.endocrineweb.com/diabetes/diagnosis.html
Type 1
HOW IS TYPE 1 DIABETES DIAGNOSED?
Testing for Glucose Abnormalities
Fasting Plasma Glucose. In order to simplify the diagnosis of
diabetes, the American Diabetes Association has recommended the sole
use of the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test. It is a simple blood
test taken after eight hours of fasting. In general results indicate
the following:
?FPG levels are considered normal up to 110 mg/dL (or 6.1 mmol/L).
?Levels between 110 and 125 (6.1 to 6.9 mmol/L) are referred to as
impaired fasting glucose. They are only slightly above normal but are
considered to be risk factors for type 2 diabetes and its
complications.
?Diabetes is diagnosed when FPG levels are 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or
higher on two different days.
? In people without diabetes, blood sugar increases modestly after
drinking the glucose beverage and decreases after two hours.
? In diabetes, the initial increase is significant and the level
remains high, 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or more.
? Measurements that fall between 7.8 and below 11.1 mmol/L put a
person at risk for diabetes and are referred to as impaired glucose
tolerance. This condition is now strongly associated with a high risk
for future diabetes and a higher than average risk for heart disease
and poorer survival rates. (Studies suggest it is a much stronger
predictor of diabetes than impaired fasting glucose. See Above.)
http://www.umm.edu/patiented/articles/how_type_1_diabetes_diagnosed_000009_6.htm
?Type 1 Diabetes is associated with deficiency (or lack) of insulin.
It is not known why, but the pancreatic islet cells quit producing
insulin in the quantities needed to maintain a normal blood glucose
level. Without sufficient insulin, the blood glucose rises to levels
which can cause some of the common symptoms of hyperglycemia. These
individuals seek medical help when these symptoms arise, but they
often will experience weight loss developing over several days
associated with the onset of their diabetes?
http://www.endocrineweb.com/diabetes/1diabetes.html
?The following tests can be used to diagnose diabetes:
?urinalysis shows glucose and ketone bodies in the urine, but a blood
test is required for diagnosis
?fasting blood glucose is 126 mg/dL or higher
?random (nonfasting) blood glucose exceeds 200 mg/dL (this must be
confimed with a fasting test)
?insulin test (low or undetectable level of insulin)
?C-peptide test (low or undetectable level of the protein C-peptide, a
by-product of insulin production)
http://chinese-school.netfirms.com/diabetes-type-1-symptoms.html
?What does having pre-diabetes mean? Pre-diabetes means your blood
glucose is higher than normal but lower than the diabetes range. It
also means you are at risk for getting type 2 diabetes and heart
disease. The good news is: You can reduce the risk of getting diabetes
and even return to normal blood glucose levels with modest weight loss
and moderate physical activity. If you are told you have pre-diabetes,
have your blood glucose checked again in 1 to 2 years.?
http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/riskfortype2/
Renal diabetes exhibits a normal curve. ?In renal diabetes, the
threshold is abnormally low and glucose appears in the urine at a much
lower concentration than normal. The relationships between glucosuria
and the renal threshold are illustrated in the diagram on the left.?
?Ketones bodies result in diabetes mellitus for the very same reasons
as given for starvation. Ketone bodies are not normally found in urine
nor are they present with the other types of diabetes listed. Ketone
bodies are present in various amounts depending upon the severity of
the diabetes mellitus.?
?Glucose Tolerance Test: In order to measure the metabolic response of
a patient to glucose, the glucose tolerance test was devised. The test
consists of giving 100 g of glucose in place of breakfast and then
testing the concentrations of glucose in the blood and urine at
specific timed intervals. This test establishes when the blood glucose
reaches its highest concentration, when glucosuria occurs, and how
rapidly the blood glucose concentration returns to normal.
In normal persons, the venous blood sugar value usually does not
exceed 200 mg/100 ml blood and returns below 120 mg in two hours. In
diabetes mellitus, the glucose level peaks above 200 mg and does not
return below 120 mg after two hours. In renal diabetes, the blood
glucose curve is normal. Glucose tolerance curves may produce
different results at different times on the same person.?
http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/624diabetes.html
?The recommended OGTT procedure for obtaining accurate predicted
proportional two hour plasma glucose (2hPG) values requires a three
hour OGTT with 1/2 hourly mid-test samples. A sample collection form
was used to record all pertinent aspects of the test, time of first
swallow, amount ingested in five minutes and the exact times of sample
collections. A digital dock, located in the phlebotomist's view, was
used to accurately establish all time intervals, including zero time.?
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3890/is_200007/ai_n8914097
Charts/Graphs/Curves
====================
Chart of a daily glucose variation of a diabetic in control
http://www.whittier.org/images/pp_control_graph.gif
Here is a chart illustrating the glucose curve in a normal person and
a diabetic after a 75g. challenge:
http://www.bphealthcare.com/healthcare/brochures/dm/dm-gtt.gif
Chart of 5 hr. GTT with a 100g challenge
http://www.ellis2ca.com/bggraph.gif
http://hypoglykemie.nl/images/hggraph.gif
Meal (not glucose) challenge, diabetic and non-diabetic
http://www.brist.plus.com/what.htm#graph
Insulin dependant individual vs non-diabetic curves
http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/glucosetolerancetest.gif
These sites may be helpful to you:
http://www.joplink.net/prev/200209/02.html
Interesting graph
http://www.fchd.org/diabetes/images/ada_chart2.JPG
and
?Blood glucose levels that are higher than normal but not yet high
enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. There are 41 million people in the
United States, ages 40 to 74, who have pre-diabetes. Recent research
has shown that some long-term damage to the body, especially the heart
and circulatory system, may already be occurring during pre-diabetes.
Research has also shown that if you take action to manage your blood
glucose when you have pre-diabetes, you can delay or prevent type 2
diabetes from ever developing.
There are two different tests your doctor can use to determine whether
you have pre-diabetes: the fasting plasma glucose test (FPG) or the
oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).?
http://www.fchd.org/diabetes/default.htm
I hope this is what you were looking for. Please let me know, via the
Answer Clarification process if not. I will be glad to assist you
further on this question, before you rate.
Regards, Crabcakes
Search Terms
============
Oral GTT + curve
GTT + graph
glucose tolreance chart
glucose tolerance + graph + challenge
plotting GTT curve
glucose tolerance test results
Diagnosing Type 1 diabetes
Diagnosing Type 2 diabetes |
