Hi, I am interested in the mode in which a cold virus enters the body.  

If the primary way a cold virus enters the body is by the nose, what
part of the nose allows the virus to enter the body?  Does the virus
reach the lungs and enter the body in that way?

Thanks

You're correct that cold viruses typically enter the body through the
nose. But the viruses do not have to travel all the way to the lungs;
they lodge in the tissues of the adenoidal region (the portion of the
throat at the back of the nasal passages). I have gathered some
information that I hope you'll find helpful.

You'll find an excellent illustrated description here:

"A cold virus is deposited into the front of the nasal passages by
contaminated fingers or by droplets from coughs and sneezes. Small
doses of virus (1-30 particles) are sufficient to produce infection.
The virus is then transported to the back of the nose and onto the
adenoid area by the nose itself.

The virus then attaches to a receptor which is located on the surface
of nasal cells. The receptor fits into a docking port on the surface
of the virus. Large amounts of virus receptor are present on cells of
the adenoid.

After attachment to the receptor, virus is taken into the cell where
it starts an infection. New virus particles are produced in the
infected cell. The infected cell eventually dies and ruptures,
releasing newly made cold virus to infect other cells in the nose and
start the process over again."

CommonCold.org: How Cold Virus Infection Occurs 
http://www.commoncold.org/undrstn3.htm

This page features a diagram showing the nasal passages, with an
animation showing the inhalation of cold viruses and their journey to
the adenoid area:

"The nose contains shelf-like structures called turbinates, which help
trap particles entering the nasal passages. Material deposited in the
nose is transported by ciliary action to the back of the throat in
10-15 minutes. Cold viruses are believed to be carried to the back of
the throat where they are deposited in the area of the adenoid. The
adenoid is a lymph gland structure that contains cells to which cold
viruses attach."

CommonCold.org: The Nose - Side View 
http://www.commoncold.org/undrstnd.htm

"The most widely investigated viral pathogen is the rhinovirus. It has
a unique ability to evade the host defenses in the upper respiratory
tract and in non-immune volunteers has a >90% infection rate after
intranasal innoculation. After deposition in the nose there is
presumed transport to the posterior pharynx and attachment to
rhinovirus receptor ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1). It is
the resultant inflammatory and parasympathic responses, rather than
any direct cytotoxic effect of the virus, that cause the classic
symptoms of the cold and the physical changes noted in the sinuses."

Duval Country Medical Society: Acute Community-Acquired Sinusitis 
http://www.dcmsonline.org/jax-medicine/2000journals/may2000/sinusitis.htm

http://www.purdue.edu/oop/SciCo2000/cold.html

"Purdue University scientists have unlocked the secrets of a receptor
that the common cold virus uses as an entryway to infect human
cells... A research team led by Purdue researcher Michael G. Rossmann
reports that it has analyzed in atomic detail the three-dimensional
structure of the part of the cellular receptor that binds to a virus
that causes the majority of colds in humans...

The receptor, called ICAM-1, is made up of a single protein and is
shaped somewhat like an arm divided into five sections, or domains,
extending from a shoulder that penetrates the cellular membrane...

ICAM-1 -- an acronym for intercellular adhesion molecule one -- is one
of many types of adhesion molecules found in multicelled organisms. As
the name implies, adhesion molecules play a role in binding cells to
other molecules or cells. ICAM-1 normally functions to hold
infection-fighting white blood cells in place in regions of the body
that have been injured or damaged.

But somehow, a resourceful family of viruses known as rhinoviruses has
developed a back-door way to use this receptor to enter human cells...

'The shell of the rhinovirus has deep crevices or canyons capable of
interacting with the finger-like projections of the ICAM-1 receptor,'
Rossmann says. 'The virus probably has adapted itself to be able to
attach to this particular molecule in humans, so that they fit
exactly, similar to a lock and key.'

As the virus attaches to one or more receptor sites on a cell, the
cell membrane engulfs the virus, wrapping around it and allowing it to
come in contact with more receptor sites."

Purdue University: Purdue finding may snuff out the sniffles
http://www.purdue.edu/oop/SciCo2000/cold.html 

Cold viruses can also reach the nasal membranes through the eyes:

"Colds are really not very contagious, compared to other infectious
diseases. Close personal and prolonged contact is necessary for the
cold viruses to spread. The viruses must get into the nose where they
can infect the nasal membranes. The virus must attach to nasal cells
after which the viruses can multiply. Inhaling contaminated droplets
produced when someone else coughs or sneezes may be one way to catch a
cold...

The cold viruses can reach the nose when you rub your eyes because the
virus can be passed down the tear ducts that go from the eyes into the
nasal cavities."

CCOHS: What is the common cold?
http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/diseases/common_cold.html

Google search strategy:

Google Web Search: "cold virus" enters "the nose"
://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22cold+virus%22+enters+%22the+nose%22

If anything is unclear or incomplete, or if a link doesn't work for
you, please request clarification; I'll be glad to offer further
assistance before you rate my answer.

Best regards,
pinkfreud