Thank you for the question. I have outlined the vaccination guidelines
for both Japan and the U.S. below and noted the differences between
the two schedules and potential reasons for those differences.
I hope this helps. Please request clarification if you need further
assistance with your question.
-adiloren-ga
-----------------------Japanese Vaccination Guidelines---------------------------
"Please note that there is no duty to receive vaccinations in Japan.
It is a matter of parental choice, but they are strongly recommended."
http://www.hyogo-ip.or.jp/hiaf/eg/hlgmne/31.htm
Appropriate Ages for Vaccinations
http://www.hyogo-ip.or.jp/hiaf/eg/hlgmne/31.htm
Polio
(live attenuated vaccine) From age 3-90 months twice (at more than 6
week intervals)
------------------------------------
Diptheria
(D)
Pertussis
(P)
Tetanus Toxoid
(T)
(DPT vaccine) Stage 1(DPT triple combined)
First injectionfrom age 3-90 months, three times (at 3-8 week intervals)
Booster injection from age 3-90 months (after first injection wait
more than 6 months), once
Stage 2 (DT double combined)
Once between age 11 and 12 From age 3-12 months
After first injection complated
From age 12-18 months
Sixth year of elementary school (Age 12)
------------------------------------------------------------------
Measles
(live attenuated vaccine) From age 12-90 months once
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Rubella
(live attenuated vaccine) From age 12-90 months once
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Japanese Encephalitis
(Japanese encephalitis vaccine) Stage 1
First injection from age age 6-90 months, twice (at 1-4 week intervals)
Booster injection from age age 6-90 months(after the first injection,
generally one year later), once
Stage 2 From age 9-13, once
Stage 3From age 14-15, once Age 3
Age 4
4th year of elementary school(Age 9)
2nd year of junior high school (Age 14)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tuberculosis (BCG)
1. Before age 4
2. First year of elementary school
3. Second year of elementary school
(only for those vaccinated in first year of elementary school)
4. First year of junior high school
5. Second year of junior high school
(only for those vaccinated in first year of junior high school)
*Those who react negatively to tuberculin in 1-5 are vaccinated.
(those whose red patch is less than 9mm diameter are judged as
reacting negatively)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.hyogo-ip.or.jp/hiaf/eg/hlgmne/31.htm
(The following schedule is more clearly outlined in a table at the link above)
Here is another list of immunizations and a time table
http://home.e08.itscom.net/kosodate/3.Health%20Care%20Service.htm
----------------------Notes on the Japanese Vaccination Process-------------
Immunizations
"Preventive inoculations (immunizations) for diphtheria, whooping
cough, measles and Japanese encephalitis are given at the Public
Hygiene Section of municipal offices. The fee and kinds of
immunizations available depend on the municipal office. Foreign
residents need to present their Certificate of Alien Registration. "
http://www.hyogo-ip.or.jp/hiaf/eg/hlgmne/32.htm
Vaccinations In Japan
http://www.mief.or.jp/en/life/handbook/pdf/11.pdf
"There are 2 ways of taking vaccinations in Japan - Regular
vaccinations that the government encourages and Optional ones that the
parents' decide to give in addition to the regular ones. "
http://home.e08.itscom.net/kosodate/3.Health%20Care%20Service.htm
"4 months old children are vaccinated against BCG and Polio at 4
months-old check-up in the Public Health Center."
http://home.e08.itscom.net/kosodate/3.Health%20Care%20Service.htm
--------------------------U.S. Vaccination Guidelines------------------------------
U.S. Vaccination Schedule
http://www.fda.gov/opacom/lowlit/shots.html
Includes:
*diphtheria
* whooping cough (pertussis)
* tetanus
* polio
* measles
* mumps
* German measles (rubella)
* chickenpox (varicella)
* hepatitis B
* HIB (haemophilus influenzae type B)
* pneumococcal diseases
"In most of the United States, many of these vaccinations are required
for school or day care. The first shots for most of these illnesses
should be given when the child is still a baby. This is important
because most of the diseases these vaccines protect your child against
can be serious or even deadly."
--------------------------Guideline Differences------------------------------------
I. Vaccinations recommended in Japan but not in the United States
a. Tuberculosis
b. Japanese Encephalitis
II. Japanese guidelines do not include the following vaccinations that
ARE recommended in the United States:
a. hepatitis B
b. HIB (haemophilus influenzae type B)
c. chickenpox (varicella)
However, Japan does note that the following vaccinations are optional,
but available:
"Optional vaccinations (Charged): Influenza, Mumps, Chickenpox, B-type Hepatitis"
http://home.e08.itscom.net/kosodate/3.Health%20Care%20Service.htm#4
Aside from these differences, the timetables for the common
vaccinations are similar. The DPT guidelines are almost the same. The
Polio guidelines are different, with the U.S. requiring 3 shots early
(as opposed to 2 in Japan) and one at 4-6 years old, whereas Japan
makes no recommendation of a Polio vaccine beyond 18 months.
For measles and rubella , the U.S. recommends a booster shot at 4-6
years old, whereas Japan just recommends 1 shot between about 1-2
years.
The differences in these guidelines are primarily due to the varied
risks of disease spread in these two different regions. The inclusion
of TB and Japanese Encephalitis vaccinations in Japan are primarily
because there is a greater risk of spread of these diseases in that
country.
TubercuIosis
"The number of cases of tuberculosis (TB) is decreasing compared to
past years, but still nowadays it is the biggest infectious disease in
Japan. If it is not detected in time there is a great possibility that
family and acquaintances may be infected."
http://www.hyogo-ip.or.jp/hiaf/eg/hlgmne/32.htm
TB is less of a threat in the United States, and because of the
potential risk of side effects from the vaccine, it has not been
included in the recommended guidelines. The same can be said for
Japanese Encephalitis, which is primarily isolated to the region.
Similarly, hepatitis B, haemophilus influenzae and chickenpox are more
prevelant in the U.S. than in Japan and therefore warrant
recommendation.
It was noted by one source that Japan changed the start time of
vaccinating for DPT from 3 months to 2 years because of a potential
correlation between the vaccine and SIDS.
<<Japan changed the start time for vaccinating from 3 months to two
years and straight away their SIDS rate plummeted? "Delay of DPT
immunisation until 2 years of age in Japan has resulted in a dramatic
decline in adverse side effects. In the period of 1970-1974, when DPT
vaccination was begun at 3 to 5 months of age, the Japanese national
compensation system paid out claims for 57 permanent severe damage
vaccine cases, and 37 deaths. During the ensuing six year period
1975-1980, when DPT injections were delayed to 24 months of age,
severe reactions from the vaccine were reduced to a total of eight
with three deaths. This represents an 85 to 90 percent reduction in
severe cases of damage and death." Raymond Obomsawin, M.D.>>
http://www.shirleys-wellness-cafe.com/vaccine_sids.htm
This policy change may have been related to this study in Japan:
http://www.garynull.com/Documents/Vaccines/VaccineScene.htm
"In a study from Japan, immunizations (DPT, DT, or BCG) were given to
61 children with a history of febrile seizures or epilepsy, who had
not had a seizure for one year. Following immunizations there was a
significant increase in "epileptic spikes" in post-vaccine
electroencephalograms as compared with those done preceding
vaccines.(9)"
The updated U.S. recommendations continue to suggest that the DPT
vaccination be administered earlier.
The U.S. specifically notes that there in no connection between
vaccinations and SIDS.
"Several studies have demonstrated no association between receiving
infant immunizations and SIDS."
http://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/factsheets/fs_tableVII_doc5.htm
A Journal Article on SIDS and vaccines:
Shaken Baby Syndrome or Vaccine-Induced Encephalitis?
http://aapsonline.org/jpands/hacienda/buttram.html
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Additional Resources:
U.S. Health and Human Services
http://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/fs_toc.htm
WHO Immunization Information
http://www.immunize.org/who/
nstruction Book: 'Vaccination and Child Health'
http://www.fukushihoken.metro.tokyo.jp/list/english.html
British Vaccination Schedule
http://www.fitfortravel.scot.nhs.uk/General/British_national_vaccination.html
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