I am trying find a table (on the Internet) that details at least the
first few hundred disease conditions (ranked in descending order both
my incidence and by being or contributing to the cause of death) in
the U.S?  If the table could reflect risk more specifically to my
category (e.g. white, 60-year-old middle class male with no history of
smoking or drinking and not much overweight), that would be fantastic!

I did find a list of the top 100 diseases. 

http://www.studentconsult.com/spleen/top100.cfm

Rank Cause Percentage of male deaths 
1 Heart disease 28.4 
2 Cancer 24.1 
3 Unintentional injuries 5.8 
4 Stroke 5.2 
5 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 5.1 
6 Diabetes 2.8 
7 Influenza and pneumonia 2.4 
8 Suicide 2.1 
9 Kidney disease 1.6 
10 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 1.5 
Total   79 

http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=MC00013

Rank1 Causes of death Number Deaths per 
100,000 population 
  All causes 2,416,425 848.5 
1. Diseases of heart 700,142 245.8 
2. Malignant neoplasms (cancer) 553,768 194.4 
3. Cerebrovascular diseases  163,538 57.4 
4. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 123,013 43.2 
5. Accidents (unintentional injuries) 101,537 35.7 
6. Diabetes mellitus 71,372 25.1 
7. Influenza and pneumonia 62,034 21.8 
8. Alzheimer's disease 53,852 18.9 
9. Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis 39,480 13.9 
10. Septicemia 32,238 11.3 
11. Suicide 30,622 10.8 
12. Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 27,035 9.5 
13. Homicide 20,308 7.1 
14. Hypertension and hypertensive renal disease 19,250 6.8 
15. Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids 17,301 6.1 
  All other causes 400,935 140.8 

http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0005110.html