These visually stunning vapor or condensation clouds are called
"Prandtl-Glauert Condensation Clouds" and are caused by the
Prandtl-Glauert singularity.
Dr. Mark S. Cramer (http://FluidMech.net/msc/), a professor at
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blackburg,
Virginia, USA, http://www.vt.edu/), has written a tutorial on the
phenomenon titled "Prandtl-Glauert Condensation Clouds". So far, it's
the best explanation for the physical origins of these spectacular
clouds. He also maintains a photo gallery, complete with
explanations, dedicated to the Prandtl-Glauert clouds. Here are the
tutorial and gallery links:
Sonic Boom, Sound Barrier, and Condensation Clouds: Prandtl-Glauert
Condensation Clouds
URL: http://FluidMech.net/tutorials/sonic/prandtl-glauert-clouds.htm
Gallery of Fluid Mechanics: The Prandtl-Glauert Singularity and Condensation
URL: http://GalleryOfFluidmechanics.com/conden/pg_sing.htm
The "Prandtl-Glauert Condensation Clouds" tutorial cites several
websites containing photos of Prandtl-Glauert clouds. One cited WWW
site in particular, ChamorroBible.org, has a large collection of
United States military aircraft photographed with the Prandtl-Glauert
clouds, as well as one a spacecraft with the cloud. All the photos are
in the public domain. The URL of the first of four
collection/galleries is
<http://ChamorroBible.org/gpw/gpw-20040817.htm>, with links to the
other three galleries listed on the page(s). The photo gallery page
also lists several videos that are worth viewing.
Sometimes the cloud is more then stunning or spectacular, it's spooky.
For example, see <http://GalleryOfFluidMechanics.com/conden/ef14b.htm>
and <http://GalleryOfFluidMechanics.com/conden/eerief14.htm> from Dr.
Cramer's "Gallery of Fluid Mechanics: The Prandtl-Glauert Singularity
and Condensation" page. While these resized images are impressive,
look at the original U.S. Navy image at
<http://www.news.navy.mil/management/photodb/photos/020926-N-2781V-170.jpg>.
The photo is real. Welcome to realm of the Prandtl-Glauert
Singularity. |