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Q: Myocaridtis - what toxic chemical(s) can cause/trigger it? ( Answered 5 out of 5 stars,   3 Comments )
Question  
Subject: Myocaridtis - what toxic chemical(s) can cause/trigger it?
Category: Health > Men's Health
Asked by: ad6375-ga
List Price: $200.00
Posted: 02 Apr 2005 13:26 PST
Expires: 02 May 2005 14:26 PDT
Question ID: 504099
A healthy male (58 yrs old) was exposed to a chemical spill that
originated as a liquid and transformed into a vapour.  It was
pressurized when a seal
broke while transferring the substance, the liquid shot out into the
air and was joined together in a damp/moist environment and slow
drifting wind.  The Subject was exposed between 3-15 minutes.  The
result of the exposure - death approximately 6 hours later.  The
autopsy report, according to the coroner - the cause of death was
Myocarditis.

I am interested in the following chemicals but not limited too,
Hydrochloric acid
Fluorosilic acid
Ferric acid
Aluminum sulfate,
For further research purposes, you must provide references regarding
resources used.  I have research that shows toxic chemicals can/have
caused Myocarditis, but what chemicals???

Thank you

Request for Question Clarification by easterangel-ga on 02 Apr 2005 13:58 PST
Hi ad6375-ga!

Again since this is a medical question please take note of the
important disclaimer below that answers and comments here are general
information and should not be a substitute for informed medical
advice.

I was not able to find any connection between the chemicals you
mentioned below (Hydrochloric acid, Fluorosilic acid, Ferric acid and
Aluminum sulfate).

However, I was able to find other chemicals found to have caused
Myocarditis when inhaled. Other chemicals were also found to have
given rats Myocarditis during experiments.

Would you be interested in such an info even if the initial chemicals
you mentioned will not be included?

Thanks!
Answer  
Subject: Re: Myocaridtis - what toxic chemical(s) can cause/trigger it?
Answered By: pafalafa-ga on 03 Apr 2005 19:54 PDT
Rated:5 out of 5 stars
 
ad6375-ga,

I found numerous examples of exposures to chemicals that are thought
to have contributed to myocarditis in humans or in laboratory animals.

I've presented the results below in summarized form.  Where available,
I've included links to the articles in question, although a few of the
sources come from databases that are not routinely available over the
internet, and these do not have links.

I want to echo two things that were mentioned earlier by my research
colleague, easterangel-ga:

1.  As the disclaimer notes at the bottom of this page, Google Answers
is not a source of medical advice, nor is it a substitute for seeking
input from a medical professional.

2.  I found no associations between the specific chemicals you listed,
and myocarditis.  However, that certainly does NOT mean that acute
exposures to any of these chemicals could not have caused this
particular pathology.  But I did not find examples of this in the
literature search I conducted, despite accessing a wide variety of
general and medical databases.


The information that I did find follows, below.  I trust this
information fully answers your question.  However, please don't rate
this answer until you have everything you need.  If you would like any
additional information, just post a Request for Clarification to let
me know how I can assist you further, and I'm at your service.


All the best,

pafalafa-ga  


====================


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9637233&dopt=Abstract
[This article is not available in full online, but you can see its
abstract at the above link]


Mutation Research 410 1998 123?140 The genetic effects of
environmental lead F.M. Johnson Toxicology Operations Branch National
Institute of EnÍironmental Health Sciences PO Box 12233 Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709


...Lead has adverse effects on the heart and vasculature (Kopp et al.,
1988) . These effects include myocarditis, electrocardiographic
abnormalities, altered heart rate activity, slowed ventricular
systole, hypertension and vascular degeneration.


[The Kopp reference cited is this article]

Kopp, S.J., Barron, J.T., Tow, J.P., 1988. Cardiovascular actions of
lead and relationship to hypertension: a review. Environ. Health
Perspect. 78, 91?99.


==========


[This article -- not available online -- relates a harrowing chemical
spill of liquefied methylamine, and details the lethal effects on two
of the people exposed, both who suffered from myocarditis]

Journal of Hazardous Materials 56 (1997) 117-136


A scheme of hazardous chemical identification for transportation
incidents Longmei Chen a, Dahe Jiang, Jiyang Xia


...At a small town named Shaxi in Jiangxi Province,southeast China,
650 people were intoxicated, with 39 deaths, in a severe accidental
release of a toxic chemical. Among the casualties, 8 died right at the
scene. It was in the early morning, 2:30 am on 3 September 1991, when
a truck carrying a tank filled with 2.4 tonnes of liquefied
methylamine under 3 to 4 atm pressure was being driven from Shanghai
to a factory in Jiangxi.

...In the dark, the top of the truck hit a branch of a large tree. The
pressure valve broke and this led to a rapid release of the chemical,
creating a fire and a thick cloud. It was hot and humid, 27?C,
relative humidity 82%, and almost calm. The surface temperature was
26°C so that the air was in a stable condition. The nearby structures
were all one or two story country buildings. People slept with their
door open to get some cool feeling. The release lasted nearly 10 min.
Because of the meteorological conditions, the hazard persisted for 30
min....When the release started, the driver and the technician were so
frightened that they could only break into shouting: ?hurry, escape,
toxic gas out!?, then ran away. The combustion was incomplete, so that
most of the liquid evaporated to form a toxic cloud which dispersed
slowly. The toxic cloud was about 5-6m high, headed first to the
southeast, then turned to the opposite direction after several
minutes...

...The clinical manifestations of two severe intoxication cases are
provided. (1) A young man, 29, awakened by the suffocating feeling
caused by several minutes? intake of the toxic vapor, managed to get
himself to the hospital. He was found to have a body temperature of
37.4?C, respiration 20min-?, pulse 96 mm?, blood pressure 17/10kPa. He
exhibited violent coughing, dyspnea, stridor, lacrimation,
photophobia, irritating feeling of mouth and lips, palpitation,
depressed consciousness, bums on bare skin, and cornea1 hyperemia.
Wheezing, pneumonisis, pulmonary edema, cardiac arrhythmia and
myocarditis were found three days later. (2) A boy, 15, breathed in
the toxic vapor during sleep, experienced tachypnea and upper airway
obstruction, then fell into a coma. After being rescued and taken to
hospital, he was found to have body temperature 39°C respiration 38
min-?, pulse 124min- ?, blood pressure 16/l 1 kPa, bums on bare skin,
hyperemia and edema on eyelids, cornea1 and mouth membranes, and &es
in his airway. Pneumonisis and pulmonary edema, cardiac arrhythmia and
myocarditis were diagnosed 24 h later.

===============



http://www.nicnas.gov.au/PUBLICATIONS/CAR/NEW/NA/NASUMMR/NA0900SR/na920.asp

Summary Report: NA/920 1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluoropropane


...Honeywell Polymers of 71 Queens Rd, Melbourne, VIC, together with
Huntsmen Polyurethanes of Gate 3 Ballarat Rd, Deer Park, VIC. and
Ariel Industries of 26 Kembla St. Cheltenham, VIC., have submitted a
standard notification statement in support of their application for an
assessment certificate for HFC-245fa. The notified chemical is
intended to be used as a blowing agent for production of polyurethane,
polyisocyanurate, polystyrene, polyolefin and other polymeric foams;
also as a refrigerant and as an industrial aerosol solvent.

...Several repeated dose inhalation studies were conducted in
rats...In the subsequent 13-week study at concentrations up to 50 555
ppm, a dose-related incidence in myocarditis was observed in addition
to the clinical chemistry changes noted in the preliminary studies.
Focal myocarditis was taken to be spontaneous as it was seen in
control and treated rats, however, diffuse myocarditis was observed in
animals at the 10 000 and 50 000 nominal doses and in one animal at
2069 ppm, with the NOAEL taken to be 508 ppm (2.78 mg/L).


Occupational Health and Safety

The critical health effect for acute exposure is cardiac
sensitisation, with the lowest NOAEL being 34 100 ppm, established in
a dog inhalation study. For chronic effects, the critical health
effect is diffuse myocarditis, observed in a 90-day rat inhalation
study. For the purposes of the risk assessment, the NOAEL from this
study, 508 ppm, will be used for chronic exposure.


===============


http://www.lakes-environmental.com/toxic/CHLOROACETIC_ACID.HTML

CHLOROACETIC ACID 


...Chronic exposure via gavage has resulted in myocarditis
(inflammation of the muscular tissue of the heart wall) and mortality
due to myocardial failure in rats and hepatic vacuolar degeneration in
mice


===============


http://www.intox.org/databank/documents/chemical/niccarb/ukpid68.htm

NICKEL CARBONYL


...An intermediate in nickel refining and used as a catalyst in the
petroleum, plastic and rubber industries.


...Substantial inhalation...A chemical pneumonitis may develop in
severe cases, sometimes after a latent period of a few days. 
Anorexia, abdominal pain, jaundice and diarrhoea are also reported and
rarely myocarditis, delirium, convulsions or coma.  Death may occur
due to pulmonary haemorrhage, pulmonary or cerebral oedema or toxic
myocarditis.


===============


http://www.intox.org/databank/documents/chemical/paraquat/pim399.htm

Paraquat

...Paraquat is a non-selective foliage applied contact herbicide which
is inactivated on contact with soil, so that replanting can be
performed almost immediately after spraying.

...Ingestion of moderate amounts of paraquat causes the sequence of 3
stages of morbid course...Stage II: lasting 2 to 8 days. Signs of
liver, kidney, cardiac damage Jaundice, fever, tachycardia,
myocarditis, respiratory distress, cyanosis, elevated BUN, creatinine,
serum alkaline phosphatase, serum bilirubin, serum transaminases, low
prothrombin.


----

[Paraquat] Case reports from the literature

...Death following subcutaneous injection...A 24 year old woman
injected paraquat liquid concentrated subcutaneously into her left
arm.  Next morning she injected herself again then went to
hospital...She developed widespread muscle pain, oedema, jaundice,
hypoxia and myocarditis with widespread T wave inversion.  Treatment
was supportive with buprenorphine then diamorphine to control pain. 
She became comatose 6 days after admission and died 2 days later.


===============


http://www.gr.nl/pdf.php?ID=563

Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide


...MEKP is a commonly used curing agent for thermosetting polyester
resins, a cross-linking agent and catalyst used in the production of
other polymers and polyester resins. It is used in the automobile,
airline, boating, fabric, and paint industries (

...The toxic oral dose of MEPK (in dimethyl phthalate) has been
reported to be 50 to 100 mL. Case reports showed that ingestion of
MEKP resulted in acute toxic symptoms such as gastrointestinal
bleeding, abdominal burns, necrosis, stomach perforation, oesophageal
stricture, severe metabolic acidosis, rapid hepatic failure,
rhabdomyolysis, and respiratory failure while temporary cardiac arrest
and toxic myocarditis were observed as well.


===============


http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic42.htm Arsenic Toxicity

Hall JC, Harruff R: Fatal cardiac arrhythmia in a patient with
interstitial myocarditis related to chronic arsenic poisoning.
Southern Medical Journal 1989; 82: 1557-60.

[The above title clearly indicates that arsenic poisoning can lead to
myocarditis.  However, I was not able to review the text of this
particular report]


===============


http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00031917.htm

Deaths Associated with Exposure to Fumigants in Railroad Cars -- United States 


...Fumigants, such as aluminum phosphide, can liberate toxic gases
that are rapidly absorbed through the respiratory tract (6). Symptoms
may begin immediately and can include fatigue, headache, nausea,
vomiting, abdominal pain, cough, and shortness of breath. Acute
poisoning, such as occurs after inhalation of phosphine, can lead to
pulmonary edema, central nervous system depression, toxic myocarditis,
and circulatory collapse


===============


http://www.pan-uk.org/pestnews/actives/organoph.htm

Organophosphate insecticides


...Organophosphate (OP) compounds are the most widely used group of
insecticides in the world. Their acute toxicity causes a hazard both
to professional and amateur users. In the UK, this has led to concern
over OP use in sheep-dips, in agriculture generally and in the home.

...Cardiac effects: A number of studies have drawn attention to
cardiac effects associated with occupational exposure to OPs...In a
Health and Safety Executive publication (MS 17 December 1980) there is
mention of "slowing of the heart with decreased cardiac output."
Professor William McKenna of St George's Hospital, London, believes
that myocarditis (akin to a heart attack) can be caused after exposure
to propetamphos, an OP sheep dip...


===============


http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hecs-sesc/water/publications/antimony/chapter4.htm

ANTIMONY

Antimony poisoning has resulted from accidental occupational
inhalation, ingestion of food contaminated by storage containers and
therapeutic treatment with tartar emetic (potassium antimony
tartrate)...Antimony compounds have been used for a long time as
therapeutic agents for parasitic diseases such as schistosomiasis,
leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis and ulcerative granu-loma. Side effects
of antimony therapy (the average dose is up to 1 g/d for 10 days)
include myocarditis, hepatitis and nephritis


===============


http://www.intox.org/databank/documents/chemical/copsulf/ukpid56.htm

COPPER SULPHATE


Type of product...Fungicide, herbicide, commercial chemical and found
in some chemistry and crystal growing sets. The anhydrous form is
white, the pentahydrate is blue.


...Muthusethupathi et al (1988) reported toxic myocarditis as a cause
of death following copper sulphate poisoning although this information
is poorly referenced....Copper deposits have been noted in the heart
at autopsy following ingestion of some 280 mL copper sulphate solution
(Agarwal et al, 1975).


===============


http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/safety/healthcare/handbook/Chap17.pdf

Rodenticides

...Yellow phosphorus (also known as white phosphorus) is a corrosive
agent and damages all tissues it comes in contact with, including skin
and the gut lining. Initial symptoms usually reflect mucosal injury
and occur a few minutes to 24 hours following ingestion. The first
symptoms include severe vomiting and burning pain in the throat,
chest, and abdomen. The emesis may be bloody (either red, brown, or
black)and on occasion may have a garlic smell.  In some cases, central
nervous system signs such as lethargy, restlessness, and irritability
are the earliest symptoms, followed by symptoms of gastrointestinal
injury. Shock and cardiopulmonary arrest leading to death may occur
early in severe ingestions. If the patient survives, a relatively
symptom-free period of a few hours or days may occur, although this is
not always the case. The third stage of toxicity then ensues with
systemic signs indicating severe injury to the liver, myocardium, and
brain. This is due to phosphine gas (PH3) formed in and absorbed from
the gut. Nausea and vomiting recur. Hemorrhage occurs at various sites
reflecting a depression of clotting factor synthesis in the damaged
liver. Also, thrombocytopenia may contribute. Hepatomegaly and
jaundice appear. Hypovolemic shock and toxic myocarditis may develop.
Brain injury is manifested by convulsions, delirium, and coma. Anuric
renal failure commonly develops due to shock and to the toxic effects
of phosphorus products and accumulating bilirubin on renal tubules.
The mortality rate of phosphorus poisonings may be as high as 50
percent.


===============


http://www.psgas.com/english/msds/msds.asp?num=30 


HYDROGEN SULFIDE

INHALATION: ACUTE EXPOSURE

Pneumonia, bronchitis, bradycardia, myocarditis, cardiac dilation, and
gastrointestinal disturbances may follow acute exposures.



===============



The above citations struck me as the main instances of chemical
exposures that have been associated with myocarditis.


As I said earlier, please let me know if you need any additional
information.  Just post a follow-up request to let me know what you
need, and I'm at your service.


pafalafa-ga


search strategy -- Google searches on:


[ myocarditis (toxic OR chemical OR exposure OR occupational) ]

[ "toxic myocarditis" and (occupational OR exposure OR acute) ] 


Similar searches were also conducted in a number of health and medical databases.

Request for Answer Clarification by ad6375-ga on 05 Apr 2005 04:27 PDT
Hello pafalafa-ga

Thank you for taking the time to look into this question.  I
understand the disclaimer and had no intentions of replacing any
medical / professional advise.  I am rather disappointed that my
question was not answered.  My question was specific, in relation to
the mentioned chemicals.  However I do understand that you spent time
researching.  Where do we go from here?  I was willing to spend $
200.00 on an answer with results.  If you can not find a link between
the mentioned chemicals and Myocarditis may I propose we meet each
other half way.  $ 100.00 for the time you put in? If this is possible
and how do we go about it?

Clarification of Answer by pafalafa-ga on 05 Apr 2005 08:59 PDT
ad6375-ga,

I'm happy to continue looking into this for you to see if there is
information on the specific chemicals you listed.  Give me a day or
two, and I'll get back to you with an update.

In the meantime, though, it would be helpful to have some additional
information from you on two aspects of your question:


1.  If the incident you describe actually occured, it would help to
know as much about it as possible -- where, when, what type of setting
(factory, train yard, etc), and what other medical information was
noted (blisters, scarring, etc).

2.  If it turns out that myocarditis has NOT been linked in the
medical literature to any of the chemicals you listed, is that
information useful to you?  I can't give you information that doesn't
exist...the best I can promise is a thorough search of the information
that is out there.


Let me know your thoughts on these two items, and in the meantime,
I'll be looking for additional information.

Thanks,


pafalafa-ga

Request for Answer Clarification by ad6375-ga on 06 Apr 2005 07:46 PDT
Thank you for continuing to look into this for me.  The incident did
in fact really occur.  However the exact details are confidential.  I
can tell you that it did occur on a railway lot where chemicals are
transported to and from.  The medical conditions or tell tell signs
were limited to a bad job done by the corners office.  There were
definite signs of pulmonary edema, minor rupture in the sub-arachnoid,
one lung was almost double the size of the other, inflammation of the
heart, their where no signs of burn marks/blisters/scarring typical
with an acid exposure, however this is based upon the corners report (
I don?t trust it ).  The autopsy was conducted within 24 hours after
the passing.  I would not be interested in Myocarditis not being
linked to the chemicals I listed, however if you come across it, just
make a short note of it for me.  Thank you.  I will be content with
you doing a thorough search and yes your doing a good job, thank you.

Anthony

Clarification of Answer by pafalafa-ga on 06 Apr 2005 08:30 PDT
Thanks for the additional information you provided...it was quite helpful.

I was surprised that the accident is considered "confidential" as my
understanding is that all occupationally-related deaths are
investigated -- usually by OSHA -- and that there is a case file
report on each one.  At least, that's generally the case in the U.S.

It's also hard to imagine exposures to the chemicals you listed NOT
resulting in evident burns, although obviously, this would depend on
the particular details of the actual incident in question.

I've compiled additional information about "toxic myocarditis", which
is the phrase use to refer to myocarditis caused by chemical exposure.

Once again, a very comprehensive review has not turned up any
information linking the particular chemicals you listed with
myocarditis, although I did uncover one result for the general
category of "aluminum compounds".  This is probably the closest direct
connection you're likely to get, and the information on this is
included, below.

Another thing to note is that exposure to fluorosilic acid (more
commonly known as fluorosilicic acid) -- while not associated directly
with myocarditis -- has strong and well documented detrimental effects
on the heart, and (to my mind) can certainly be construed as
contributing to chemical-induced heart failure.

I have also come across some information that is quite suggestive of a
relationship between myocarditis and exposure to the other acid
chemicals that you listed.  Myocarditis can occur as a result of
serious burns...apparently substances produced by the burns
themselves, by secondary infections, or as a result of the body's
attempt to heal itself, can lead to myocarditis in burn victims.

This is an important link, because the chemicals you listed are by and
large a very caustic group of materials, and can lead to extensive
chemical burns upon exposure.  It could very well be that the burns
then resulted in a case of myocarditis.  Again, this link wouldn't be
relevant if burning was not a factor in the particular case, but I
wanted to make sure you were aware of the literature, just in case.

There is no way of confirming a link between chemical burns from the
chemicals you listed and myocarditis...it is just suggested here as a
possibility.

I've listed below the additional information I found for all
chemicals...hopefully not overkill.

If you are in need of any further clarification, just let me know.


pafalafa-ga



==========

[Here are some articles linking burns to myocarditis]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=448773
J Trauma. 1979 May;19(5):358-69
A review of the complications of burns, their origin and importance
for illness and death.
Sevitt S.

--Complications are the major causes of illness and death after
burning and most of them stem from the burn wound.

--Bacterial infection and invasion of the burn are usually responsible
for septicemia, bronchopneumonia, and pyelonephritis although other
sources also contribute. Indirect manifestations of septicemia include
paralytic ileus, acute gastric dilatation, toxic myocarditis, and some
cases of renal failure.




http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=435749
Br Med J. 1979 Mar 17;1(6165):718-9. 
Survival after major burn complicated by gas gangrene, acute renal
failure, and toxic myocarditis.
Davies DM, Brown JM, Bennett JP, Rainford DJ, Pusey CD, Chesshire A, Maw DS.



[This appears to be a case of myocarditis induced by a chemical burn,
though it would be necessary to review the full article to be sure]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=13886477
Angiology. 1962 Jul;13:297-302.   
Toxic myocarditis. Report of a case arising from ingestion of liquid
plastic catalyst.
Dines De, Shipman K.



===============

[Here is a link to detailed reports of the health effects of
fluorosilic acid.  Myocarditis is NOT mentioned as a specific health
risk.  However, the write-up does indicate serious cardiac impacts,
and also emphasizes the ability of the chemical to cause serious
burns]


http://hazmap.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/hazmap_generic?tbl=TblAgents&id=1408

Fluorosilic acid

--Corrosive to skin

--High inhalation exposure may cause pulmonary edema



http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+16961-83-4
FLUOSILICIC ACID

--The substance is corrosive to the eyes, the skin and the respiratory
tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of the vapor of this
substance may cause lung edema. ...The symptoms of lung edema often do
not become manifest until a few hours have passed and they are
aggravated by physical effort.

--On the morning of September 6, 1994, a tanker truck spilling 4500
gallons of fluorosilicic acid on Interstate 4 near Deltona, Florida,
covering an area 600 feet long and 60 feet wide, resulted in the
evacuation of approximately 2300 people form their homes into
shelters. Later in the day, fumes were detected in the Deltona Woods
neighborhood; because the acid could by carried by the wind, everyone
within a mile radius was evacuated. ...More than 50 people went to
hospitals, complaining of skin and respiratory irritation, including
burning in the throat, and headaches. An individual riding in a truck
with his arm out the window experienced burning on his forearm.


--0.2.5 CARDIOVASCULAR
   0.2.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
     A)  Cardiac dysrhythmias consistent with hyperkalemia may
         be noted. Fatal cardiac arrest occurred in several
         patients with renal failure exposed to fluoride during
         hemodialysis. QT prolongation secondary to hypocalcemia
         can occur following fluoride toxicity.


==========

[The health effects summary for hydrochloric acid also emphasizes its
nature as a caustic substance, but does not offer any direct links to
cardiac effects]


http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+7647-01-0HYDROCHLORIC
ACID


--The major effects of hydrogen chloride are those of local irritation
. It is generally believed that exposure to hydrogen chloride does not
result in effects on organs some distance from the portal of entry.

--Caution: Corrosive burns may result from the inhalation of acid
fumes and from skin contact with or the ingestion of strong acid.
Symptoms after ingestion or skin contact include immediate pain and
ulceration of all membranes and tissues which come in contact with the
acid. Ingestion may be assoc with nausea, vomiting and intense thirst;
corrosion of the stomach may lead within a few hours or a few days to
gastric perforation and peritonitis. Late esophageal, gastric and
pyloric strictures and stenoses should be anticipated. Contact of conc
acid with the eye can cause extensive necrosis of the conjunctiva and
corneal epithelium, resulting in perforation or opaque scarring.
Chemical pneumonitis can be expected after respiratory exposure to
acid vapors or after tracheobronchial aspiration of ingested acid.
Death may occur due to complications such as circulatory shock,
asphyxia due to glottic or laryngeal edema, perforation of the stomach
with peritonitis, gastric hemorrhage, infection or anition due to
stricture formation.


==========


[no effects for myocarditis or heart-related effects were noted for
aluminum sulfate, though there were effects noted for the more general
category of "aluminum compounds"]

[No link was available for this record -- instead, go to: 
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov   and search for "aluminum compounds" ]


ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS 

LABORATORY ANIMALS

Histological alterations of the heart consisted of interstitial
hyperplasia, muscle cell necrosis, and myocarditis all involving both
ventricles. Increased eosinophilia, nuclear picnosis, and
homogeneous-appearing cytoplasm were observed in myocardial cells.
Cells exhibiting microvacuolation or contraction bands were noted.
Multifocal myocarditis associated with interstitial hyperplasia, and
myocardial necrosis were also observed. Myocardial aluminum
accumulation (1.3-2.1 ug aluminum/g lyophilized tissue) representing a
3-4 fold increase over controls was found for aluminum acetylacetonate
treated rabbits.



===============

A complete search of the Hazardous Substance Database at [
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov ] for any mention of the term "myocarditis"
resulted in a list of 180 chemicals.  This is probably as
comprehensive a list as you are likely to find of chemicals that have
been associated -- in one way or another -- with myocarditis.  The
list of chemicals, along with their CAS (chemical identification)
numbers is here:


HSDB Search Results


1  CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE 
50-18-0  
2  NICKEL CARBONYL 
13463-39-3  
3  PARAQUAT 
4685-14-7  
4  POTASSIUM BROMATE 
7758-01-2  
5  PENICILLIN V 
87-08-1  
6  DIGOXIN 
20830-75-5  
7  ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS 
NO CAS RN   
8  DIISOPROPYL FLUOROPHOSPHATE 
55-91-4  
9  ZINC PHOSPHIDE 
1314-84-7  
10  METOPROLOL 
37350-58-6  
11  DIGITOXIN 
71-63-6  
12  CLOXACILLIN 
61-72-3  
13  ARSENIC TRIIODIDE 
7784-45-4  
14  ARSENIC TRIFLUORIDE 
7784-35-2  
15  CALCIUM ARSENITE 
52740-16-6  
16  ETHYLDICHLOROARSINE 
598-14-1  
17  TETRAETHYL PYROPHOSPHATE 
107-49-3  
18  ARSENIC TRIBROMIDE 
7784-33-0  
19  CYCLOHEXANONE PEROXIDE 
78-18-2  
20  ARSENIC TRISULFIDE 
1303-33-9 
21  ETHYLENE GLYCOL DIACETATE 
111-55-7  
22  DIAZINON 
333-41-5  
23  ARSENIC ACID 
7778-39-4  
24  DIMEFOX 
115-26-4  
25  ARSANILIC ACID 
98-50-0  
26  DIMETHYLARSENIC ACID 
75-60-5  
27  1,3-BUTANEDIOL 
107-88-0  
28  1,4-BUTANEDIOL 
110-63-4  
29  2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL 
107-41-5  
30  FERRIC ARSENATE 
10102-49-5  
31  MAGNESIUM ARSENATE 
10103-50-1  
32  MALATHION 
121-75-5  
33  RONNEL 
299-84-3  
34  S,S,S-TRIBUTYL PHOSPHOROTRITHIOATE 
78-48-8  
35  SODIUM METHANEARSONATE 
2163-80-6  
36  SODIUM SELENITE 
10102-18-8  
37  MEVINPHOS 
7786-34-7  
38  BUTONATE 
126-22-7  
39  TETRAETHYLENE GLYCOL 
112-60-7  
40  METHANEARSONIC ACID 
124-58-3  
41  TRICHLORFON 
52-68-6  
42  TRIETHYL PHOSPHITE 
122-52-1  
43  TEMEPHOS 
3383-96-8  
44  CARBOPHENOTHION 
786-19-6  
45  CHLOROTHION 
500-28-7  
46  PHOSPHAMIDON 
13171-21-6  
47  NALED 
300-76-5  
48  MALEIC HYDRAZIDE 
123-33-1  
49  FERROUS ARSENATE 
10102-50-8  
50  DISULFOTON 
298-04-4  
51  METHYL PARATHION 
298-00-0  
52  AZINPHOSMETHYL 
86-50-0  
53  DIAMMONIUM SULFIDE 
12135-76-1  
54  PHORATE 
298-02-2  
55  POTASSIUM ARSENATE 
7784-41-0  
56  SUCROSE 
57-50-1  
57  SULFOTEP 
3689-24-5  
58  METHYLDOPA 
555-30-6  
59  AMPICILLIN 
69-53-4  
60  POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 
25322-69-4 
61  ARSENIC, ELEMENTAL 
7440-38-2  
62  FENTHION 
55-38-9  
63  MENAZON 
78-57-9  
64  DICAPTHON 
2463-84-5  
65  IODOFENPHOS 
18181-70-9  
66  DICHLOFENTHION 
97-17-6  
67  MECARBAM 
2595-54-2  
68  FENSULFOTHION 
115-90-2  
69  THIONAZIN 
297-97-2  
70  MIPAFOX 
371-86-8  
71  FORMOTHION 
2540-82-1  
72  BOMYL 
122-10-1  
73  FENITROTHION 
122-14-5  
74  MONOCROTOPHOS 
6923-22-4  
75  CIODRIN 
7700-17-6  
76  METHAMIDOPHOS 
10265-92-6  
77  METHIDATHION 
950-37-8  
78  CHLORTHIOPHOS 
21923-23-9  
79  LEAD ARSENATE 
7784-40-9  
80  CHLORMEPHOS 
24934-91-6 
81  1,6-HEXANEDIOL 
629-11-8  
82  DISODIUM METHANEARSONATE 
144-21-8  
83  ENDOTHION 
2778-04-3  
84  PHENTHOATE 
2597-03-7  
85  ETHOATE-METHYL 
116-01-8  
86  ETHOPROP 
13194-48-4  
87  FONOFOS 
944-22-9  
88  OXYDEMETON-METHYL 
301-12-2  
89  TRICHLORONATE 
327-98-0  
90  PHOSMET 
732-11-6  
91  SCHRADAN 
152-16-9  
92  NELLITE 
1754-58-1  
93  2,3-BUTANEDIOL 
513-85-9  
94  BIPHENYL 
92-52-4  
95  ASPON 
3244-90-4  
96  MERPHOS 
150-50-5  
97  STRONTIUM ARSENITE TETRAHYDRATE 
10378-48-0  
98  ACETOXON 
2425-25-4  
99  ALLYLAMINE 
107-11-9  
100  BENSULIDE 
741-58-2 
101  IRON CACODYLATE 
5968-84-3  
102  SODIUM BROMATE 
7789-38-0  
103  TRI(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE 
78-51-3  
104  DI-N-PROPYLPHOSPHORODITHIOIC ACID 
2253-43-2  
105  LEPTOPHOS 
21609-90-5  
106  ACETHION 
919-54-0  
107  PHENYLTHIONOPHOSPHONIC DICHLORIDE 
3497-00-5  
108  CYOLANE 
947-02-4  
109  TRIMETHOATE 
2275-18-5  
110  NAPHTHA 
8030-30-6  
111  TRIALLYLAMINE 
102-70-5  
112  METHICILLIN 
61-32-5  
113  CARBENICILLIN 
4697-36-3  
114  NAFCILLIN 
147-52-4  
115  1,2-BUTANEDIOL 
584-03-2  
116  DEXTROAMPHETAMINE 
51-64-9  
117  DOXORUBICIN 
23214-92-8  
118  (L)-EPHEDRINE 
299-42-3  
119  PENICILLIN G 
61-33-6  
120  PHENETHICILLIN POTASSIUM 
132-93-4 
121 CHLOROFENVINPHOS 
470-90-6  
122  HEXAETHYLTETRAPHOSPHATE 
757-58-4  
123  AMOXICILLIN 
26787-78-0  
124  PYRAZINAMIDE 
98-96-4  
125  METHYL TRITHION 
953-17-3  
126  CIS-DIAMINEDICHLOROPLATINUM 
15663-27-1  
127  EPN 
2104-64-5  
128  PHOSALONE 
2310-17-0  
129  TETRACHLORVINPHOS 
22248-79-9  
130  COPPER(II) ARSENITE 
10290-12-7  
131  (L)-TRYPTOPHAN 
73-22-3  
132  2-BUTANONE PEROXIDE 
1338-23-4  
133  3-NITRO-4-HYDROXYPHENYLARSONIC ACID 
121-19-7  
134  ETHYLENE GLYCOL 
107-21-1  
135  POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER 
37286-64-9  
136  SODIUM ARSANILATE 
127-85-5  
137  TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL BIS(2-ETHYLBUTYRATE) 
95-08-9  
138  DIALLYLAMINE 
124-02-7  
139  TRIGLYCOL DIACETATE 
111-21-7  
140  O,O-DIMETHYL DITHIOPHOSPHATE 
756-80-9  
141  O-ETHYL ETHYLTHIOPHOSPHONYL CHLORIDE 
1497-68-3  
142  ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE 
20859-73-8  
143  DIETHYLARSINE 
692-42-2  
144  FAMPHUR 
52-85-7  
145  O,O-DIETHYL S-METHYL DITHIOPHOSPHATE 
3288-58-2  
146  MALAOXON 
1634-78-2  
147  PENICILLIN VK 
132-98-9  
148  AMITON 
78-53-5  
149  THIOMETON 
640-15-3  
150  DIETHYL CHLOROPHOSPHATE 
814-49-3  
151  DEMETON-S-METHYL 
919-86-8  
152  MEPHOSFOLAN 
950-10-7  
153  TRIAMIPHOS 
1031-47-6  
154  OXYDISULFOTON 
2497-07-6  
155  PHOSACETIM 
4104-14-7  
156  TERBUFOS 
13071-79-9  
157  FOSTHIETAN 
21548-32-3  
158  RUELENE 
299-86-5  
159  FENAMIPHOS 
22224-92-6  
160  PIRIMIFOS-ETHYL 
23505-41-1 
161  TRIAZOFOS 
24017-47-8  
162  LONDON PURPLE 
8012-74-6  
163  COCAINE 
50-36-2  
164  ETHION 
563-12-2  
165  COUMAPHOS 
56-72-4  
166  BROMOPHOS 
2104-96-3  
167  BROMOPHOS-ETHYL 
4824-78-6  
168  ETRIMFOS 
38260-54-7  
169  ISAZOFOS 
42509-80-8  
170  OMETHOATE 
1113-02-6  
171  VAMIDOTHION 
2275-23-2  
172  TRIS(ISOPROPYLPHENYL)PHOSPHATE 
26967-76-0  
173  ISOPROPYLPHENYL DIPHENYL PHOSPHATE 
28108-99-8  
174  BIS(ISOPROPYLPHENYL) PHENYL PHOSPHATE 
28109-00-4  
175  ISODECYL DIPHENYL PHOSPHATE 
29761-21-5  
176  BIS(T-BUTYLPHENYL) PHENYL PHOSPHATE 
65652-41-7  
177  LITHIUM COMPOUNDS 
NO CAS RN  
178  ARSENIC COMPOUNDS 
NO CAS RN  
179  2,4-D 
94-75-7  
180  1,2-DICHLOROETHANE 
107-06-2 


==============


I hope this new information provides you with a comprehensive
perspective on the relation between chemical exposures and myocarditis
-- for your specific chemicals and for chemical exposures in general.

However, the question is not answered until you say it is!  If you
need anything else, just ask.

Thanks...and all the best.


pafalafa-ga
ad6375-ga rated this answer:5 out of 5 stars
The research provided many insights into Myocarditis and toxic
chemicals.  The chemicals of my interest were not matched with
myocarditis.  However this is not due to the researcher.  The research
was thorough and directed.  I would recommend this service to anyone
with limited time to research a question/topic.  I myself will use
this service in the future should the need arise.  Thank you for your
time and dedication.

Comments  
Subject: Re: Myocaridtis - what toxic chemical(s) can cause/trigger it?
From: pafalafa-ga on 11 Apr 2005 13:08 PDT
 
Anthony,

Thanks for the very kind feedback...it means a lot to me.

Best of luck, and hope to see you back here one of these days.


paf
Subject: Re: Myocaridtis - what toxic chemical(s) can cause/trigger it?
From: rhenium-ga on 11 Apr 2005 16:52 PDT
 
The hydrochloric acid may have reacted with the fluorosilicic acid to
produce the toxic gas hydrogen fluoride. Look into acute fluorosis (it
would explain the pulmonary oedema, and death from heart arrest), the
symptoms are somewhat similar to myocarditis.
Subject: Re: Myocaridtis - what toxic chemical(s) can cause/trigger it?
From: rhenium-ga on 11 Apr 2005 16:59 PDT
 
"HF acid burns are a unique clinical entity. Dilute solutions deeply
penetrate before dissociating, thus causing delayed injury and
symptoms. Burns to the fingers and nail beds may leave the overlying
nails intact. [...] Patients with inhalation burns may develop acute
pulmonary edema. [...] Arrhythmias are a primary cause of death. [...]
Poor prognosis follows fluoride inhalation."

From: http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic804.htm

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