Hello Phage,
Who knew this information would be so elusive? Below I have
collected some history and the original micrograph.
?The first electron micrographs of phages, showing a tadpole-like
shape, were obtained in 1942 by Tom Anderson.?
http://www.asm.org/division/m/M.html#history
http://www.amphilsoc.org/library/mole/a/anderson.htm#boxfolder7
?1942 Salvador Edward Luria and Thomas Foxen Anderson obtained the
first high-quality electron micrograph of a bacteriophage.?
http://66.102.7.104/search?q=cache:yXVeBnc5i2IJ:www.gpbjournal.org/journal/pdf/GPB2(2)-09.pdf+Tom+Anderson+%2B+phage+%2B+micrograph&hl=en
?Thomas Anderson and Salvador Luria photograph bacteriophages with the
aid of an electron microscope, confirming earlier work by Ruska. They
demonstrate that an E. coli T2 phage has a head and a tail.?
http://202.114.65.51/fzjx/wsw/newindex/wswfzjs/1932.htm
Now for the photo itself. Because the picture is embedded within a
Power Point, you will need to have Power Point installed to view it.
The picture is on Slide # 20, and is a micrograph of a T2 Phage. Star
Office is supposed to open Power Point slides as well.
Go to #12 on the link below this paragraph, and click the link that
says (Open Window).
http://profusion.com/results?queryterm=Luria+%2B++Anderson+%2B+phage+%2B+e.coli+%2B+micrograph&querytype=boolean&rpe=10&timeout=30&ns=10&rpp=10&ob=score&hi=on&rth=0&srchid=1aa0e3b_1034a05da37_3676&tid=TID_RESULTS&e=altavista&e=MSN&e=Yahoo&e=AlltheWeb&e=Teoma&e=WiseNut&e=Goto&agt=0!&cat=&Category=1&Category=175
Microsoft offers this free Power Point reader:
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=7C404E8E-5513-46C4-AA4F-058A84A37DF1&displaylang=EN
This appears to be the same micrograph
http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mayer/bactphage-bw.jpg
This is a similar micrograph of a T4 bacteriophage.electron micrograph
http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mayer/bactphage-bw.jpg
The micrograph on this page may be one of the first, but I can?t document it.
http://www.intralytix.com/Phage%20Technology.htm
These are other micrographs of bacteriophages.
http://www.dairyscience.info/phage-morphology.htm
?Virus size could be ascertained only by electron microscopy. During
the Thirties, a number of theoretical and experimental physicists
attempted to develop a microscope working with electron beams under an
electric or magnetic field. Ernst Ruska (1906-1988; awarded the Nobel
Prize in 1986) succeeded in constructing its first prototype at the
Siemens Co. (Von Borries and Ruska [1939]). In the same year, the
first electron micrograph of TMV particles was obtained by Kautsche et
al. [1939]): the smallest rod-shaped particles were found to be 300 nm
long and 15 nm wide, values very close to those accepted today. This
finding gave the ultimate evidence for the particle architecture of
TMV, which, in the following years, was extended to all other
viruses.?
?A topic anomaly which passed unobserved concerns the presence of
only one single type of nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) in viruses, whereas
one of the distinctive features of cells is to contain both (in 1938
the English John Gulland had demolished the general view that
considered RNA as plant nucleic acid and DNA as animal nucleic acid).
This anomaly was not considered until the discovery by Oswald Avery,
Colin McLeod and Maclyn McCarthy in 1944, which provided good evidence
that DNA was the genetic
material: this finding raised a tremendous but late interest (Stanley
[1970]) so that only in the Fifties the DNA and RNA were finally
identified as the genetic materials of bacteriophage and TMV, respectively.?
Nore: This is a cached page, and how long it will remain up is
unknown. If you find this topic interesting, you may want to save the
entire text of this page to your hard drive.
http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&c2coff=1&q=cache:URsmGpjnwMkJ:www.tilgher.it/%255Cmanager%255Cgooglepdf.aspx%3Ffile%3Driv_t4a3f9o869.pdf+%22first++electron++micrograph%22+%2B+bacteriophage
The discovery of the bacteriophage:
?In 1896, Hankin reported that something in the waters of the Ganges
and Jumna rivers in India had marked antibacterial action and could
pass through a very fine porcelain filter. However, it was another 20
years before a British bacteriologist, Frederick Twort, actually
isolated filterable entities capable of destroying bacterial cultures
and producing small cleared areas on bacterial lawns (1915). Twort
did not further explore his finding. Two years after Twort's
discovery, Felix d?Herelle, a French Canadian microbiologist working
at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, reported the same phenomenon. For
d?Herelle, there was no question as to the nature of his discovery:
"In a flash I had understood: what caused my clear spots was in fact
an invisible microbe... a virus parasitic on bacteria." D'Herelle
called the virus bacteriophage or bacteria-eater (from the Greek phago
meaning to eat).?
http://www.intralytix.com/history.htm#Top%20of%20Page
An excerpt from the Annual Review of Microbiology:
?In 1917, bacteriophages were recognized as epizootic infections of
bacteria and were almost immediately deployed for antibacterial
therapy and prophylaxis. The early trials of bacteriophage therapy for
infectious diseases were confounded, however, because the biological
nature of bacteriophage was poorly understood. The early literature
reviewed here indicates that there are good reasons to believe that
phage therapy can be effective in some circumstances. The advent of
antibiotics, together with the "Soviet taint" acquired by phage
therapy in the postwar period, resulted in the absence of rigorous
evaluations of phage therapy until very recently. Recent laboratory
and animal studies, exploiting current understandings of phage
biology, suggest that phages may be useful as antibacterial agents in
certain conditions.?
This article is a pay per view article, by subscription only.
http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.micro.55.1.437
An early micrograph of a phage
http://www.sciencefriday.com/pages/2000/Jul/hour1_072100.html
First streptococcal phage micrograph
http://jb.asm.org/cgi/content/full/185/11/3325
Phage particles
http://www.chlamydiae.com/images/bavphonebs.gif
http://www.chlamydiae.com/docs/biology/genome_phages_.asp
Bacteriophages
http://www.biochem.wisc.edu/inman/empics/virus.htm
Several other great electron micrographs of bacteriophages:
http://bioweb.usu.edu/emlab/Galleries/Gallery%20Pages/virus.html
First micrograph of the Ebola virus
http://www.accessexcellence.org
If this is not the information you were seeking, please refrain from
rating this answer untill you have requested an Answer Clarification.
This will enable me to assist you further, if possible.
Sincerely, Crabcakes
Search Terms
phage micrograph + first
e.coli phage micrographs
electron microscope + phage + Anderson |
