I received a traffic citation (failure to stop at a stop sign) in
Yonkers, NY. The officer recorded the issuing state of my driver's
license as "NY", even though my license was issued in Texas (TX). How
does this affect the validity of the citation as an accusatory
instrument?

I believe I stopped, so I'm trying to find the most expedient way to
deal with this. I don't plan to be in NY after May, but it seems that
fighting it might end up requiring me to come back.

Basically the wrong state will probably not help you fight it.  It, of
course, is possible that the ticket was put onto the wrong license
number, but the ticket will find it's way back to you.  Also, all of
the other information (ie. plate number, name, etc) will trace back to
you, and most states will allow a mistake in favor of the officer.  If
you fight the ticket, you will definately need to be in NY for the
court date.  The only way to get out of it otherwise is to hope the
officer doesn't show up for the court date, which is not something I
would bet on!  Basically, paying it is the easiest and fastest way to
deal with it, and this is the way this process was set up.  Good luck!