Clarification of Question by
gautamthor-ga
on
05 May 2005 14:27 PDT
i have obtained this section for $30 from a similar report from
freedonia. it doesnt have the types of parenteral drugs. we want to be
able to say x million vials of insulin - y million vials of EPO etc.
maybe one should check the companies' annual reports. Amgen,
Genentech, Serono, Pfixer, Elli Lilly and Baxter Healthcare?
in case it helps - heres some info from that chapter -
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Parenteral Vials & Ampuls - Glass Vials
Demand for glass parenteral vials will increase 1.5 percent annually
to 945 million units in 2008, valued at $141 million. Reflecting
strong barrier and chemical resistance properties, as well as overall
cost effectiveness, glass vials will remain the leading container used
for packaging small volume parenteral drugs. However, growth
opportunities for these containers will weaken due to increasing
competition from prefillable syringes and cartridges, especially in
applications involving insulin, vaccines, and critical and emergency
care medication. In addition, the expanding use of advanced IV
delivery systems, such as Abbott Laboratories ADD-VANTAGE system, will
reduce the need for glass vials in the packaging of drugs for
infusion.
Standard glass vials are narrow, round-shaped bottles with specially
designed necks that hold an inner rubber stopper and connect to an
outer metal or plastic cap. The contents of vials are withdrawn with a
syringe or transfer needle which is inserted directly through the
rubber stopper. Variations of the standard vial include pin-top,
piggyback and dual-compartment configurations. Pin-top vials are
constructed with built-in transfer units that enable their contents to
be emptied directly into IV containers. Piggyback configurations
feature a hook at the bottom, which allows them to be hung upside down
and connected directly into a two-line IV delivery set. Before the
penetration of premixed IV and bag vial infusion systems, piggyback
vials dominated the packaging of injectable antibiotics.
Dual compartment vials, known as mix-o-vials, are employed in
applications involving dry powder or lyophilized preparations. These
vials incorporate a top compartment that contains a diluent solution
and a bottom compartment that contains a powdered or lyophilized drug.
The two compartments are separated by a rubber stopper, which is
punctured by a syringe to cause the top and bottom contents to mix,
preparing the medication for injection or infusion.
Unit prices of glass vials range from 5 to 25 cents depending on size
and design. Competition from alternative plastic containers will keep
price increases relatively small over the next several years. Product
development activities involving glass vials have been directed at
improving chemical-resistance, stability and shatterproof properties.
Advances in Type II and III soda-lime glass and Type I borosilicate
materials have greatly reduced the risk of container breakage.
To enhance chemical resistance and maintain the stability of enclosed
preparations, the leading producers of parenteral medication vials
have developed specialized coatings. For example, SCHOTT Group's glass
vials incorporate a proprietary inner coating known as SCHOTT TYPE I
PLUS. Based on a chemically bonded, invisible, ultrathin layer of
silicone dioxide, SCHOTT TYPE I PLUS is formulated to reduce chemical
interactions between the container and the enclosed medication.
Another coating that enhances the barrier and chemical-resistant
properties of glass medication vials is a medical grade silicone
emulsion developed by Kimble Glass. In addition to its protective
features, this coating provides for easier medication withdrawal.
Another improved line of glass parenteral vials is marketed by Comar
under the NEUTRAPLEX tradename. Composed of borosilicate glass, these
containers are targeted to lyophilized and powder medication. The vial
bottom is specially designed to optimize cake formation and enhance
the efficiency of the reconstitution process. NEUTRAPLEX containers
also offer good hydrolytic resistance and small pH shifting, and are
not prone to delamination. The vials are available in both clear and
amber varieties, with capacities ranging from 1.5 to 150 cubic
centimeters.
