I'm looking for at least five examples (more would be even better!) of
characters in classic literature (ranging from the bible to modern
classics) who are exactly 13-years old. I would like to have the name
of the character, the name of the book, and something that was
significant or notable about the 13-year-old character.

Here's two:

Character: Juliet
Work: Romeo and Juliet
Author: Shakespeare
Quote: "But it is necessary to remember (and Shakespeare repeatedly
reminds us) that Juliet is only 13 years old."
URL: http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3882/is_199801/ai_n8795810/pg_2

Character: Anne Frank
Work: Anne Frank, The Diary of a Young Girl
Author: Anne Frank
Quote: "Anne Frank was 13 years old at the beginning of her book and
15 years old at the end. She died seven months after the conclusion of
the book at Bergen-Belsen, two months before the camp was liberated."
URL: http://www.nps.gov/manz/ed_anne_frank.htm

Hope that helps!

websearcher

Here are a couple of 13-year-olds from recent award-winning books for young people:

=====================

Phoebe, in "If I Just Had Two Wings," by Virginia Frances Schwartz:

"Born on a plantation in Alabama, 13-year-old Phoebe has known nothing
but the life of a slave in a kitchen or on a plantation, picking
cotton. She lives with her parents in a house that used to be full of
joy and children. Now she is all that is left of their family of
seven. Slaves not only do not own their own land, they also have no
rights as a family. Phoebe has seen three of her siblings auctioned
off, and her sister Rachel has run away to Canada on the Underground
Railroad.

Phoebe dreams of the day she will be free. One day, she meets Liney
and, along with her two children, they flee the plantation the week
before Phoebe is to be sold."

Collections Canada: Award-Winning English Titles
http://www.collectionscanada.ca/read-up-on-it/015020-035001-e.html

Dinnie Doone, from "Bloomability," by Sharon Screech:

"Set in the breathtaking landscape of Lugano, Switzerland,
Bloomability is Sharon Creech at her very best. When 13-year- old
Dinnie Doone is plucked out of her troubled life by her aunt and uncle
and whisked away to an international school in Switzerland, her world
is turned upside down. Suddenly surrounded by different cultures,
languages, and beliefs, Dinnie struggles to hold on to her past life.
Gradually, through friendships and experiences she could have nowhere
else, she learns to trust herself and discovers the beautiful
'bloomabilities' her new life has to offer."

Wonderbox: Novels
http://www.wonderbox.com.sg/novels_pg_22.htm

Lolita by Vladimir Nabakov

Anne, of Anne of Green Gables fame, was thirteen, I think.  

And then there's this memorable passage from the Bible about young Ishmael:



"And Ishmael his son was thirteen years old, when he was circumcised
in the flesh of his foreskin".


after which the Lord appears unto him, so that's certainly something
to write in his journal.

7. New Catholic Dictionary: Saint Joan of Arc; La Pucelle; The Maid
died Rouen, France, 1431. At about 13 years of age she began to hear
the voice of her ... hesitated for more than three years before
obeying;
(I wanted to start with a good one.  See below if "about 13" isn't good enough.)


14. Patron Saints Index: Saint Oliva
for a biography. She was described as a ravishing beauty of 13 years
when Saracens captured her at Palermo, Sicily in the 9th century . She
was deported to Tunis where she began to


42. Saint Leonard Murialdo - Spiritual Testament
in my unbelief" (1 Tim 1 :13) . I don't have such an excuse. The story
of God's mercy ... soon. I was not yet 14 years old, and I was already
abandoning you and turning against you

141. Patron Saints Index: Blessed Ivetta of Huy
Yvette of Huy Memorial 13 January Profile Born to family that was ...
arranged marriage at age 13. Mother of three, though one died


155. Patron Saints Index: Saint Joan of Arc
Shepherdess . Mystic. From age 13 she received visions from Saint
Margaret ... more than three years, but finally went to Charles ...
was acquitted (23 years too late). "About Jesus Christ

    Amandus; Servant of the Eternal Wisdom; Heinrich Seuse; Heinrich von Berg 
  AKA  Henry Suso 
    2 March 
Profile
    German noble. Dominican at age 13. Mystic. Prior at several
houses. Theological student of Meister Eckhart in Cologne from 1322 to
1325. Taught in Constance. Spent years imprisoned in a dungeon due to
slander and his association with Meister Eckhart, a controversial
figure in his day. Great spiritual writer, using the name Amandus.
Noted preacher in Switzerland and the area of the Upper Rhine.
Spiritual advisor to Dominicans and the spiritual community called
Gottesfreunde

    Given to great austeries, he owned a half-length, tight-fitting,
coarse undergarment equipped with 150 sharp brass nails, the points
facing inward; he used it as his night shirt. After 16 years of this,
an angel appeared to him on Pentecost Sunday and whispered that God
wanted him to discontinue this practice; he threw his shirt into the
Rhine.

That should be enough saints.  I am sure that there are many more  -
obscure ones:  girls betrothed at 13 and martyred, and so on.

281. Patron Saints Index: Saint Pelagius
his captured Christian uncle. Three years later, when Pelagius had not
been ransomed, he was ... he declined. Martyred at age 13. Born c.912
at Asturius, Spain Died tortured to

Here is the site:  http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/search.htm

I don't expect saints that aren't otherwise known are really of interest,
but Joan of Arc should fit on your short list  :)

Myoarin

Another one, certainly a modern classic!

Character: Harry Potter
Work: HARRY POTTER AND THE PRISONER OF AZKABAN 
Author: J.K. Rowling
Quote: "As the new book begins, Harry Potter is 13 and beginning his
third year at Hogwarts."
URL: http://www.nytimes.com/books/99/09/05/reviews/990905.05maguirt.html