Summary of question: How takeovers of public companies works.

What I am looking for: Links to sites giving examples easy to understand.
http://www.legalserviceindia.com/articles/takeover.htm has everything
I would ever like to know on the topic, but it is for India, I am
looking for information on how a takeover works for companies in the
US listed on Nasdaq.

Links to sites directly reciting the law is not what I am looking for either.

Specific questions I would like to see answered when reading your findings:

X: Summaries of how takeovers work, both hostile and friendly, not TOO
basic, found plenty of those.

X: When and why the acquirer must do what, ie must the company go
public with it's intentions at X point before buying more shares? As
in many parts of the link I included what must be done how and when.

X: Implications / possibilities for a company holding 51% of the
shares, ie can it put any bid for the remaining shares and accept it?

X: What "powers" responsibilities comes with x% of shares?

X: Generally I am more interesting in "sneaky" takeovers if there is
such a thing and possible. Can a company for example buy 9% shares
through X bulvans who sells back to the funder and kazam he has 51%
and put a bid and vote ahead? Naturally done rather smooothly.

Additional questions I would like to have answered:
On Nasdaq.com when looking at company Z you can find these terms:
1 "% of Shares Outstanding" Meaning what? If 40% is 60% of the company
owned by itself?
2 "Total Value of Holdings" Meaning what? "Value" of the company when all
shares added, but outstanding? All? What is all?
3 "Total Shares Held" Shares outstanding? All? Simply, meaning what?

What I have NO interest in:
Protection against hostile takeovers
Examples of company takeovers, IE company X took over Y stories from newssites
How value of a company etc is calculated
Why a company might want to / not want takeover / be taken over

I would argue that there is no simple answer to the question that you
ask. I've been involved in various transactions (in Europe) but find
that case by case specific situations arise.

Indeed there is no simple answer and I do not seek one, what I
searching for is this: sites explaing the laws, buts, why's etc. Not
an answer stating buy X shares of company Y in this time through these
means and then do this and that at this time to achieve this + step
2-11.

The problem I am facing is I have no idea how the laws are written for
public compnies being traded on the Nasdaq, which is why every
scenario I can think of will most likley be terrible illegal and
unlogical.

Puppetmaster,
I cannot list the laws that apply, but they do exist and are meant to
be fair, also fair to individuate shareholders, for example by
requiring the "taker over! to offfer a fair price to remaining
shareholders, or by requiring  the  tkare over to accept and pay for
all offers to sell in a published take over, thus precluding that he
just bough t enough shares to gain a majority interest.
And so on, different laws in different countries, of course. 
Did you have one country in mind?

Public companies in the US listed on NASDAQ ^^